普里兹湾及其附近夏季冰雪条件观测研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 23:44

【摘要】：海冰作为一种广泛存在于自然界的物质,在很多领域发挥着重要的作用。海冰具有高反照率和低热传导率,很大程度上阻隔海洋和大气热交换,在气候方面产生影响；海冰在冻结过程中析出卤素,增加海水盐度,在消融时,又稀释了海水,在大范围内改变海洋的盐度结构。南极是全球大气冷源,海冰作为南极的主要生冷物质,在全球气候变化中发挥关键作用,了解南极海冰的基本参数,如冰厚、密集度、分布范围、浮冰尺寸等有助于认识海冰在气候方面的贡献。以中国29次南极科学考察为基础,于2012年11月底至2013年2月初期间,利用“雪龙号”科考船先后两次进入普里兹湾的机会,借助CCD海冰厚度监测方法对海冰厚度和积雪厚度进行三个航次走航观测,参照ASPeCt海冰观测建议,完成了两个航次的海冰走航目测,并对中山站附近固定冰实施物理综合测量。本文主要工作包括：首先,对考察船所经过的位置进行气象数据测量,包括海冰／水皮温,气温和风速走航测量,分析各参数的随空间位置的变化特点。其次,对位于南极中山站附近海域的固定冰进行冰物理综合测量,包括固定冰垂直方向温度、盐度和密度分布,分析融冰期海冰温度、盐度和密度剖面分布和变化特征。再次,利用船侧CCD海冰厚度监测技术,对普里兹湾海冰和积雪厚度进行走航观测,论述了浮冰区和固定冰区冰厚和积雪厚度空间分布特点,对比两者的不同点,分析了造成两者不同特征的原因；论述了海冰厚度和积雪厚度随时间变化特征。最后,参考ASPeCt海冰观测建议,对考察船航线周围的海冰观测,包括海冰类型、密集度、厚度、浮冰尺寸等；总结了夏季浮冰区浮冰密集度和尺寸在空间上分布特点,不同冰龄的浮冰分布特点,分析了造成该特殊分布方式的原因；结合普里兹湾海域的外界环境因素,对比两个航次观测的结果,揭示了夏季浮冰的消融方式。
[Abstract]:As a kind of material widely existing in nature, sea ice plays an important role in many fields. Sea ice has high albedo and low thermal conductivity, which largely blocks heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, which has an effect on climate. During the freezing process, sea ice precipitates halogen, increases the salinity of sea water, dilutes the sea water and changes the salinity structure of the sea in a wide range. The Antarctic is a global atmospheric cold source, and sea ice, as the main chilling material in Antarctica, plays a key role in global climate change. The basic parameters of Antarctic sea ice, such as ice thickness, density and distribution range, are understood. Ice size and so on help to understand the contribution of sea ice to the climate. On the basis of 29 Chinese scientific expeditions to Antarctica, during the period from late November 2012 to early February 2013, the cruiser Xue long made use of the opportunity to enter Prydz Bay two times in succession. With the help of CCD sea ice thickness monitoring method, the sea ice thickness and snow thickness were observed for three voyages. According to the suggestions of ASPeCt sea ice observation, two sea ice cruising visual measurements were completed, and the physical comprehensive measurement of fixed ice near Zhongshan Station was carried out. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the meteorological data of the position of the ship are measured, including sea ice / water surface temperature, temperature and wind speed, and the variation characteristics of the parameters with the space position are analyzed. Secondly, the ice physical comprehensive measurement of the fixed ice near Zhongshan Station, Antarctica is carried out, including the vertical temperature, salinity and density distribution of the fixed ice, and the distribution and variation characteristics of sea ice temperature, salinity and density profile in the melting ice period. Thirdly, the sea ice and snow thickness in Prydz Bay are observed by using the CCD sea ice thickness monitoring technique on the ship side. The spatial distribution characteristics of ice thickness and snow cover thickness in floating and fixed ice regions are discussed, and the differences between them are compared. The causes of their different characteristics are analyzed. The variation characteristics of sea ice thickness and snow cover thickness with time are discussed. Finally, according to the ASPeCt sea ice observation suggestion, the sea ice around the ship route, including sea ice type, density, thickness, floating ice size and so on; The spatial distribution characteristics of ice density and size in summer floating ice area and the distribution characteristics of different ice ages are summarized, and the reasons for the special distribution mode are analyzed. Combined with the environmental factors in Prydz Bay, the results of two voyages were compared, and the melting mode of floating ice in summer was revealed.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.15

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