渤海湾高强度开发对潮波系统的累积影响机制

发布时间：2019-02-16 03:35

【摘要】：渤海湾2003年以来在不到十年内因高强度开发岸线形态变化极大,然而目前对此背景下潮波系统累积变化过程及其响应机制认识不足.选取渤海湾2003年、2006年、2012年、远期规划、0 m围填以及-5 m围填等6个代表围填阶段,利用二维潮波数学模型,通过对比整体围填与逐一累加围填对潮波系统变化的影响以及对比围填岸段潮差大小与潮波系统变化的对应关系,揭示了潮波系统累积变化过程及变化的主导机制,为认识人类对潮波系统的影响提供了客观依据.研究显示,渤海湾不同围填阶段对M_2分潮影响远大于对K_1分潮影响,且对黄河口外M_2分潮无潮点影响明显;围填规模增加使得该M_2分潮无潮点先向东南移动再向东北移动,海湾西部潮差先变大再减小,潮波传播速度先加快至0 m围填后趋于稳定,-5 m围填阶段潮波系统虽变化明显但湾内潮汐性质不变.从北向南逆时针方向逐一增加围填直至远期规划围填全部实施,该无潮点将先向西南再向东南移动.受旋转潮波控制的半封闭海湾,围填所在岸段潮差越大,对潮波系统影响越明显.持续围填将使海湾沿岸低地有被淹没的危险,使得湾内流速减缓,水交换减弱,还会影响黄河口附近冲淤以及海岸防护和设计标准.
[Abstract]:The coastal pattern of Bohai Bay has changed greatly in less than a decade since 2003 due to high intensity exploitation. However, the cumulative variation process and its response mechanism of tidal wave system under this background are not well understood. In this paper, six representative filling stages of Bohai Bay in 2003, 2006 and 2012, including long-term planning, 0 m and -5 m, are selected, and two dimensional tidal wave mathematical model is used. By comparing the influence of whole fill and one by one cumulative fill on tidal wave system change, and comparing the corresponding relationship between tidal range and tidal wave system change, the cumulative variation process and the dominant mechanism of tidal wave system change are revealed. It provides an objective basis for understanding the human influence on tidal wave system. The results show that the effect of different filling stages on M-2 tide is much greater than that on K-1 tide, and it has obvious effect on the non-tidal point of M _ 2 tide outside the Yellow River Estuary. With the increase of the filling scale, the M-2 tide-free point moves first to the southeast and then to the northeast, the tidal range in the western bay increases first and then decreases, and the tide wave propagation velocity accelerates to 0 m and then stabilizes. Although the tidal wave system changes obviously in the filling stage of -5 m, the tidal property in the bay does not change. One by one from north to south counterclockwise, the filling will be increased until the long term planning is carried out, and the no-tide point will first move southwest and then southeast. In the semi-closed bay controlled by rotating tidal wave, the larger the tidal difference in the coastal section of the fill is, the more obvious the influence on the tidal wave system is. Continuous filling will cause the gulf coastal lowlands to be submerged, slow down the velocity in the gulf, weaken the water exchange, and affect the erosion and siltation near the Yellow River estuary, as well as coastal protection and design standards.
【作者单位】：南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(51520105014);国家自然科学基金(51379127) 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1404204)资助
【分类号】：P731.2;P74

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