东沙海域海洋环境噪声特性分析及其风速相关性研究

发布时间：2019-02-18 08:19

【摘要】：光波和电磁波在海水中衰减十分迅速,传播距离较短,无法满足人类在海洋活动中的需要。而声波是海洋中唯一可以进行远距离传播的能量辐射形式,在水下目标探测、水下通讯和导航等方面,均以声波作为水下唯一有效辐射能。海洋环境噪声是海洋中的一个重要声学特征,海洋环境噪声包含了丰富的海洋中的信息,对声呐装备的探测形成干扰,是限制被动声呐工作性能发挥的主要因素,也是潜艇进行声隐蔽的重要条件和必须了解的物理参数。因此,研究海洋环境噪声有重要意义。本研究以2001年5月3日0时至2001年5月17日0时亚洲海国际实验南海区所获取的声学数据为研究对象,研究其中50Hz、100Hz、200Hz、400Hz、630Hz、800Hz、1000Hz、1250Hz共8个频率的浅海海洋环境噪声。论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容:1.阐述海洋环境噪声的研究意义以及国内外研究进展。2.介绍亚洲海国际实验在南海区的实验概况以及所获取的声学数据。3.阐述本研究所采用的研究理论和方法。4.利用Matlab软件处理海洋环境噪声数据,分析海洋环境噪声级的时频特性,观察海洋环境噪声级随时间和频率的变化规律。5.分析海洋环境噪声与海面风速的相关性。实验期间有一热带风暴经过,海面风速有一个剧烈的升高和降低的过程,强风带来的降雨以及浪高的变化造成海洋环境噪声的变化。本文利用当地风速数据,对海洋环境噪声与海面风速进行回归分析;利用热带风暴过境时海面风速的变化,计算不同接收深度海洋环境噪声级与风速的互相关系数,研究风速对海洋环境噪声级在不同深度上的影响;分析热带风暴来临前后海洋环境噪声级一天内不同时刻的变化,观察海洋环境噪声级随风速的日变化;最后选取第15通道水听器所采集的数据对海洋环境噪声级与海面风速进行回归分析,计算两者的相关系数,并根据环境噪声级SPL和对数风速lgv之间的线性关系,反演海面风速,给出反演误差。研究结果表明:海洋环境噪声级随着频率的降低而升高,高频海洋环境噪声受到风的影响,在热带风暴期间有一个明显的升高、稳定和缓慢下降的过程。海洋环境噪声级与海面风速在较高频段相关性较好,是因为高频海洋环境噪声主要由海面风引起,在1000Hz~1250Hz的频率范围内,海洋环境噪声级与风速的互相关系数介于0.4至0.5之间;在频率小于200Hz时,二者的互相关系数介于-0.2至0.2之间。本文对海洋环境噪声级与风速做回归分析,由海洋环境噪声级反演估计海面风速的大小,反演结果误差范围在5%~20%左右。浅海海洋环境复杂,海洋环境噪声受影响的因素很多,本研究所讨论的只是风关海洋环境噪声,而潮汐、内波、航船等因素对海洋环境噪声的影响未能做深入讨论。
[Abstract]:The attenuation of light and electromagnetic waves in sea water is very fast, and the propagation distance is short, which can not meet the needs of human activities in the ocean. Acoustic wave is the only energy radiation form in the ocean which can propagate over a long distance. In underwater target detection, underwater communication and navigation, acoustic wave is the only effective radiation energy under water. Marine environmental noise is an important acoustic feature in the ocean. Marine environmental noise contains abundant information in the ocean and interferes with the detection of sonar equipment, which is the main factor that limits the performance of passive sonar. It is also an important condition for submarine acoustic concealment and the physical parameters that must be understood. Therefore, the study of marine environmental noise is of great significance. In this study, the acoustic data obtained from the South Sea area of the Asian Sea International experiment from May 3, 2001 to May 17, 2001 were studied. 1250Hz has 8 frequencies of shallow sea environmental noise. This paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1. The research significance of marine environmental noise and its research progress at home and abroad are described. 2. This paper introduces the general situation of the Asian Sea International experiment in the South China Sea and the acoustic data obtained. 3. The research theory and method used in this study are expounded. 4. Using Matlab software to deal with the data of marine environmental noise, the time-frequency characteristics of the noise level of marine environment are analyzed, and the variation law of the noise level of marine environment with time and frequency is observed. 5. The correlation between ocean environmental noise and sea surface wind speed is analyzed. During the experiment, a tropical storm passed through, and the wind speed of the sea surface increased and decreased sharply. The changes of rainfall and wave height caused by the strong wind caused the changes of the noise in the marine environment. Based on the local wind speed data, the regression analysis of ocean environmental noise and sea surface wind speed is carried out in this paper. Based on the variation of sea surface wind speed during the transit of tropical storm, the relationship between the noise level of marine environment and the wind speed at different receiving depths is calculated, and the influence of wind speed on the noise level of marine environment at different depths is studied. The variation of ocean environmental noise level at different times in one day before and after tropical storm is analyzed, and the diurnal variation of ocean environmental noise level with wind speed is observed. Finally, the data collected by the 15th channel hydrophone are selected to carry out regression analysis between the noise level of the marine environment and the wind speed of the sea surface, and the correlation coefficient between them is calculated. According to the linear relationship between the environmental noise level SPL and the logarithmic wind speed lgv, the wind speed of the sea surface is retrieved. The inversion error is given. The results show that the noise level of the marine environment increases with the decrease of the frequency, and the high frequency environmental noise is affected by the wind. There is a process of increasing, stabilizing and decreasing slowly during the tropical storm. The correlation between the noise level of the marine environment and the wind speed of the sea surface is better in the higher frequency range, because the high frequency marine environmental noise is mainly caused by the sea surface wind, which is within the frequency range of 1000Hz~1250Hz. The correlation between the noise level of marine environment and wind speed is between 0.4 and 0.5; When the frequency is less than 200Hz, the correlation number is between-0.2 and 0.2. In this paper, the regression analysis between the noise level and the wind speed of the marine environment is made. From the inversion of the noise level of the marine environment, the magnitude of the wind speed of the sea surface is estimated, and the error range of the inversion result is about 5% or 20%. There are many factors that affect the marine environment noise in shallow sea, but the influence of tide, internal wave, ship and other factors on the marine environmental noise has not been discussed deeply in this study.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P733.22

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