基于开放总线的水文气象数据采集接口的研究
发布时间：2019-04-01 12:32
【摘要】：目前海洋水文气象数据采集系统中传感器的数量较多，数据采集器为每个传感器都配有一个接口。由此导致的接线复杂、可扩展性差等问题一直存在。为解决这一问题，本文将开放总线技术引入到水文气象数据采集系统中。文章深入研究了SDI-12总线和NMEA2000总线的通讯协议标准，并设计出基于该两总线的两种接口，所有的传感器都连入总线上与数据采集器通信。另外SDI-12接口可以通过软件控制切换至RS-232、RS-485、RS-422等通讯协议，丰富了接口的功能。 论文首先对开放总线接口进行了总体设计，对SDI-12和NMEA2000通讯协议进行了介绍。然后阐述了实现总线接口的硬件与软件设计方法。硬件设计主要是满足SDI-12总线和NMEA2000总线物理层信号的传输要求。文中详细介绍了芯片选型及电路原理图的设计。微控制器选取了ST公司的STM32F103VE芯片，并基于该芯片对多协议接口模块和NMEA2000模块进行设计。软件设计主要是完成总线上数据链路层及上层通讯协议的设计，包括数据帧的收发，以及报文的解析。软件开发环境为Keil及RTX嵌入式实时操作系统。文中对RTX操作系统作了较为详细的介绍，并在此平台下进行多任务的设计，实现SDI-12和NMEA2000总线接口的功能。为以后维护方便对程序进行了模块化的设计，每个模块都有详细的流程图说明以及通讯协议的解释。最后将多个水文气象传感器连入总线中，验证总线采集数据的效果。 验证结果表明，本文所设计的水文气象数据采集接口能够正常采集数据。使得整个数据采集系统具有可扩展性强，硬件电路简单，，接线方便，便于现场安装等特点。
[Abstract]:At present, there are a large number of sensors in the marine hydrometeorological data acquisition system, and the data collector is equipped with an interface for each sensor. This leads to complex wiring, poor scalability and other problems have always existed. In order to solve this problem, the open bus technology is introduced into hydrometeorological data acquisition system. In this paper, the communication protocol standards of SDI-12 bus and NMEA2000 bus are deeply studied, and two interfaces based on the two bus lines are designed. All the sensors are connected to the bus to communicate with the data collector. In addition, the SDI-12 interface can switch to RS-232,RS-485,RS-422 and other communication protocols through software control, which enriches the function of the interface. Firstly, the open bus interface is designed, and the communication protocols of SDI-12 and NMEA2000 are introduced. Then the design method of hardware and software to realize bus interface is described. Hardware design is mainly to meet the SDI-12 bus and NMEA2000 bus physical layer signal transmission requirements. In this paper, the chip selection and circuit schematic design are introduced in detail. The microcontroller selects the STM32F103VE chip of ST company and designs the multi-protocol interface module and the NMEA2000 module based on the chip. The software design is mainly to complete the design of data link layer and upper layer communication protocol, including sending and receiving of data frame, and parsing of message. The software development environment is Keil and RTX embedded real-time operating system. In this paper, the RTX operating system is introduced in detail, and the multi-task design is carried out on this platform to realize the functions of the interface between SDI-12 and NMEA2000 bus. For the convenience of maintenance in the future, the program is modularized, each module has a detailed flow chart and the explanation of the communication protocol. Finally, several hydrometeorological sensors are connected into the bus to verify the effect of bus data acquisition. The verification results show that the hydrometeorological data acquisition interface designed in this paper can collect the data normally. The whole data acquisition system has the characteristics of strong expansibility, simple hardware circuit, convenient wiring, convenient installation and so on.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋技术中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP274.2;P716
本文编号：2451555
[Abstract]:At present, there are a large number of sensors in the marine hydrometeorological data acquisition system, and the data collector is equipped with an interface for each sensor. This leads to complex wiring, poor scalability and other problems have always existed. In order to solve this problem, the open bus technology is introduced into hydrometeorological data acquisition system. In this paper, the communication protocol standards of SDI-12 bus and NMEA2000 bus are deeply studied, and two interfaces based on the two bus lines are designed. All the sensors are connected to the bus to communicate with the data collector. In addition, the SDI-12 interface can switch to RS-232,RS-485,RS-422 and other communication protocols through software control, which enriches the function of the interface. Firstly, the open bus interface is designed, and the communication protocols of SDI-12 and NMEA2000 are introduced. Then the design method of hardware and software to realize bus interface is described. Hardware design is mainly to meet the SDI-12 bus and NMEA2000 bus physical layer signal transmission requirements. In this paper, the chip selection and circuit schematic design are introduced in detail. The microcontroller selects the STM32F103VE chip of ST company and designs the multi-protocol interface module and the NMEA2000 module based on the chip. The software design is mainly to complete the design of data link layer and upper layer communication protocol, including sending and receiving of data frame, and parsing of message. The software development environment is Keil and RTX embedded real-time operating system. In this paper, the RTX operating system is introduced in detail, and the multi-task design is carried out on this platform to realize the functions of the interface between SDI-12 and NMEA2000 bus. For the convenience of maintenance in the future, the program is modularized, each module has a detailed flow chart and the explanation of the communication protocol. Finally, several hydrometeorological sensors are connected into the bus to verify the effect of bus data acquisition. The verification results show that the hydrometeorological data acquisition interface designed in this paper can collect the data normally. The whole data acquisition system has the characteristics of strong expansibility, simple hardware circuit, convenient wiring, convenient installation and so on.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋技术中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP274.2;P716
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