离网型风光互补膜法海水淡化系统的优化设计

发布时间：2019-04-08 13:06

【摘要】：近年来,世界各国为利用海洋资源,加快了沿海岛屿的开发进程。由于所开发的岛屿大都远离大陆,缺乏市电及淡水供应,现在大多采用船舶运送淡水或通过柴油机发电进行海水淡化来获得淡水,这不仅增加开发成本且污染岛屿环境。随着风能和太阳能等发电技术的日益成熟,利用可再生能源为海水淡化设备提供绿色电力,可解决偏远岛屿的淡水供应问题。目前国内外许多科研机构正开展风能、太阳能与海水淡化相结合的研究,以期获得绿色电力和淡水供应的双重收益。由于风能和太阳能发电波动较大,通常将风能和太阳能所发的电量先储存到蓄电池内,再通过蓄电池为膜法海水淡化装置提供电力。由于膜法海水淡化装置功率较大,需配置大容量蓄电池组,这不仅增加了系统投资成本,且大容量蓄电池组充放电过程会产生大量的电力损耗,导致离网型风光互补膜法海水淡化系统效率低。本文介绍水平式风力发电机和垂直式风力发电机的结构特点及其主要技术参数、太阳能光伏发电站的设计要点,为离网型风光互补膜法海水淡化系统供电模块的设计提供依据;阐述膜法海水淡化的工艺流程,分析膜法海水淡化装置各关键部件的技术参数,为膜法海水淡化装置的设计奠定基础。根据厦门地区海水水质、风力和太阳能资源情况,对1 t/d膜法海水淡化装置的预处理模块、高压泵、反渗透膜组件、后处理模块进行配置设计;分析1 t/d膜法海水淡化装置的能耗,设计太阳能光伏发电模块和风力发电模块的容量;研制一款电力缓冲均衡控制器,实时监测发电装置的功率并调配小容量蓄电池的充放电,通过风光互补发电和小容量蓄电池供电,解决风光互补供电模块的电力波动问题,确保膜法海水淡化装置恒功率稳定运行。搭建了1 t/d风光互补膜法海水淡化系统测试平台,在不同气候条件下测试系统发电单元、电力缓冲均衡控制器、海水淡化装置的性能。经实验可知:通过电力缓冲均衡控制器可有效解决风光互补发电的电力波动,确保膜法海水淡化装置在各种气候条件下安全稳定运行,且减少了小容量蓄电池充放电次数;由于气候变化频繁,系统运行的时间无法固定,通过人工监控系统运行操作复杂;在未对膜法海水淡化的高压浓海水进行能量回收的情况下,系统产淡水的能耗较大。本文针对实验过程中暴露的人工操控复杂的现状,根据膜法海水淡化工艺流程,对风光互补海水淡化系统测试平台进行自动化改造,实现了系统全自动运行;针对系统产淡水能耗大,对所排放的高压浓海水进行能量回收计算,提出在中型风光互补海水淡化系统中增加能量回收装置,有效降低产淡水的单位能耗。
[Abstract]:In recent years, countries around the world have accelerated the development of coastal islands in order to make use of marine resources. Because most of the islands developed are far from the mainland and lack of municipal electricity and fresh water supply, most of them now use ships to transport fresh water or desalination by diesel engine to obtain fresh water, which not only increases development costs but also pollutes the island's environment. With the increasing maturity of wind and solar power generation technologies, the use of renewable energy to provide green power for desalination equipment can solve the freshwater supply problem of remote islands. At present, many research institutions at home and abroad are studying the combination of wind energy, solar energy and seawater desalination in order to obtain the double benefits of green power and fresh water supply. Due to the large fluctuation of wind and solar power generation, the electricity generated by wind and solar energy is usually stored in the storage battery, and then the battery is used to supply electricity to the membrane desalination plant. Because of the large power of membrane desalination unit, it is necessary to configure large capacity battery pack, which not only increases the cost of system investment, but also produces a large amount of power loss during the charge and discharge process of large capacity battery pack. It leads to the low efficiency of off-grid wind-wind complementary membrane desalination system. This paper introduces the structural characteristics and main technical parameters of horizontal wind turbine and vertical wind turbine, as well as the design essentials of solar photovoltaic power station, which provides the basis for the design of the power supply module of off-grid wind-wind complementary membrane seawater desalination system. The technological process of membrane seawater desalination is described, and the technical parameters of the key components of membrane seawater desalination device are analyzed, which lays a foundation for the design of membrane seawater desalination unit. According to the seawater water quality, wind and solar energy resources in Xiamen area, the pretreatment module, high pressure pump, reverse osmosis membrane module and post-treatment module of 1t membrane desalination unit are designed. The energy consumption of 1 t membrane desalination unit is analyzed, and the capacity of solar photovoltaic module and wind power module is designed. A power buffer balance controller is developed, which can monitor the power of the generator in real time and allocate the charge and discharge of the small capacity battery, and solve the problem of the power fluctuation of the wind and wind complementary power supply module through the wind and wind complementary power generation and the small capacity battery power supply. To ensure the steady operation of the membrane desalination unit at constant power. The test platform of 1 t wind-wind complementary membrane seawater desalination system was set up to test the performance of power generation unit, power buffer balance controller and desalination device under different climatic conditions. The experimental results show that the balance controller can effectively solve the power fluctuation of wind-wind complementary generation, ensure the safe and stable operation of membrane desalination device under various climatic conditions, and reduce the number of charge and discharge of small-capacity battery. Because of the frequent climate change, the operating time of the system can not be fixed, and the operation of the system is complicated through the manual monitoring system, and the energy consumption of the system is much higher than that of the high-pressure concentrated seawater desalinated by membrane method without the energy recovery of the high-pressure concentrated seawater. In view of the complicated situation of manual manipulation exposed during the experiment, according to the technological process of membrane seawater desalination, the automatic transformation of the test platform of the seawater desalination system was carried out, and the automatic operation of the system was realized. In view of the large energy consumption of the fresh water produced by the system, the energy recovery calculation of the high pressure concentrated seawater discharged is carried out. It is proposed that the energy recovery device be added to the medium-sized wind-wind complementary desalination system to effectively reduce the unit energy consumption of the fresh water production.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P747

【相似文献】