长江口及其邻近海区无结构网格风暴潮模式的建立与应用
发布时间：2019-05-22 04:18
【摘要】：风暴潮灾害位居我国海洋灾害之首。经济发达,人口稠密的长江口及邻近区域,每年都受到风暴潮的袭击,承受巨大的损失。因此,对风暴潮预报模式的研究具有重要的现实意义。 本文基于ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model for Oceanic, Coastal and Estuarine Waters)有限元二维水动力模型,双向耦合SWAN模型,建立了适用于长江口及邻近海区的风暴潮预报模式。模式采用无结构网格,能够较好地拟合浅水及近岸地区复杂的水深和岸界；在长江口区域沿岸空间步长为l00m。在计算过程中,完整地考虑了风暴潮、天文潮、波浪、径流的相互作用。利用实测资料,对模型计算的天文潮和波浪要素进行了检验和率定。 运用所建立的风暴潮计算模型,对1979-2008年间,严重影响长江口的23个台风及风暴潮过程进行了后报检验。将各次风暴潮过程的计算风速、水位与实测资料进行了比较,精度良好。根据台风路径和登陆地点的不同对风暴潮进行分类,针对典型台风过程进行了数值实验,探讨了在这两类台风的增水过程中,气压、风应力、潮汐与风暴潮非线性作用的贡献。利用实测资料针对外高桥站增水强度、台风路径位置、平均气压梯度的关系进行了统计分析,给出了台风移动路径、气压梯度和增水强度的定量关系。利用大戢山、滩浒岛、外高桥三站的实测水位与潮汐资料分析了增水与潮汐相位的关系。 应用此模型探讨了海平面上升0.483m和1.0m后,东中国海的潮汐变化情况；通过模拟两个不同路径的台风(TC0012, TC0509)的数值实验,对风暴水位及波浪对海平面上升的响应情况进行了对比和分析。在长江口附近地区,潮汐迟角普遍减小；振幅在长江口以北、吕泗以南有一个增大区,长江口略微增大,杭州湾及以外地区减小。长江口区域破波带随海平面上升向近岸移动,波高显著增加的区域与地形和台风路径有关。不同台风影响下,长江口区域总水位及风暴增水变化趋势不一；峰值变化幅度在几厘米到几十厘米不等,不超过25cm。水位过程与风暴增水过程有提前现象。相关结论均体现了海平面上升后,潮汐、波浪和风暴潮变化的空间不均匀性和非线性特征。
[Abstract]:Storm surge disaster ranks first in marine disasters in China. Economically developed, the populous Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas are attacked by storm surges every year and bear great losses. Therefore, the study of storm surge prediction model is of great practical significance. Based on ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model for Oceanic, Coastal and Estuarine Waters) finite element two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and bidirectional coupling SWAN model, a storm surge prediction model suitable for the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent sea area is established in this paper. The model adopts unstructured grid, which can fit the complex water depth and shore boundary of shallow water and inshore area, and the coastal space step size is l00m in the Changjiang Estuary. In the process of calculation, the interaction between storm surge, astronomical tide, wave and runoff is considered completely. Based on the measured data, the astronomical tide and wave elements calculated by the model are tested and calibrated. Based on the established storm surge calculation model, 23 typhoons and storm surge processes that seriously affected the Changjiang Estuary during 1979 / 2008 were tested. The calculated wind speed and water level of each storm surge process are compared with the measured data, and the accuracy is good. According to the classification of typhoon path and landing site, the numerical experiments are carried out on the typical typhoon process, and the contributions of air pressure, wind stress, tide and storm surge to the nonlinear effect of pressure, wind stress, tide and storm surge in the process of increasing water of these two kinds of typhoons are discussed. Based on the measured data, the relationship among water increasing intensity, typhoon path position and average pressure gradient of Waigaoqiao station is statistically analyzed, and the quantitative relationship between typhoon moving path, pressure gradient and water increasing intensity is given. The relationship between increased water level and tidal phase is analyzed by using the measured water level and tidal data of Dazhi Mountain, Beach margin Island and Waigaoqiao. The tidal variation in the East China Sea after sea level rise of 0.483m and 1.0m is discussed by using this model. The response of storm water level and wave to sea level rise is compared and analyzed by numerical experiments of typhoon (TC0012, TC0509) with two different paths. In the vicinity of the Yangtze Estuary, the tidal delay angle generally decreases, and the amplitude increases in the north of the Changjiang Estuary and south of Lusi, slightly increases in the Changjiang Estuary and decreases in Hangzhou Bay and beyond. The broken wave zone in the Changjiang Estuary moves to the inshore with the rise of sea level, and the area where the wave height increases significantly is related to the topography and typhoon path. Under the influence of different typhoons, the variation trend of total water level and storm water increase in the Changjiang Estuary is different, and the variation range of peak value ranges from several centimeters to tens of centimeters, not more than 25 cm. The process of water level and the process of increasing water by storm have the phenomenon of advance. The related conclusions reflect the spatial inhomogeneity and nonlinear characteristics of tide, wave and storm surge after sea level rise.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.23
本文编号：2482672
[Abstract]:Storm surge disaster ranks first in marine disasters in China. Economically developed, the populous Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas are attacked by storm surges every year and bear great losses. Therefore, the study of storm surge prediction model is of great practical significance. Based on ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model for Oceanic, Coastal and Estuarine Waters) finite element two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and bidirectional coupling SWAN model, a storm surge prediction model suitable for the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent sea area is established in this paper. The model adopts unstructured grid, which can fit the complex water depth and shore boundary of shallow water and inshore area, and the coastal space step size is l00m in the Changjiang Estuary. In the process of calculation, the interaction between storm surge, astronomical tide, wave and runoff is considered completely. Based on the measured data, the astronomical tide and wave elements calculated by the model are tested and calibrated. Based on the established storm surge calculation model, 23 typhoons and storm surge processes that seriously affected the Changjiang Estuary during 1979 / 2008 were tested. The calculated wind speed and water level of each storm surge process are compared with the measured data, and the accuracy is good. According to the classification of typhoon path and landing site, the numerical experiments are carried out on the typical typhoon process, and the contributions of air pressure, wind stress, tide and storm surge to the nonlinear effect of pressure, wind stress, tide and storm surge in the process of increasing water of these two kinds of typhoons are discussed. Based on the measured data, the relationship among water increasing intensity, typhoon path position and average pressure gradient of Waigaoqiao station is statistically analyzed, and the quantitative relationship between typhoon moving path, pressure gradient and water increasing intensity is given. The relationship between increased water level and tidal phase is analyzed by using the measured water level and tidal data of Dazhi Mountain, Beach margin Island and Waigaoqiao. The tidal variation in the East China Sea after sea level rise of 0.483m and 1.0m is discussed by using this model. The response of storm water level and wave to sea level rise is compared and analyzed by numerical experiments of typhoon (TC0012, TC0509) with two different paths. In the vicinity of the Yangtze Estuary, the tidal delay angle generally decreases, and the amplitude increases in the north of the Changjiang Estuary and south of Lusi, slightly increases in the Changjiang Estuary and decreases in Hangzhou Bay and beyond. The broken wave zone in the Changjiang Estuary moves to the inshore with the rise of sea level, and the area where the wave height increases significantly is related to the topography and typhoon path. Under the influence of different typhoons, the variation trend of total water level and storm water increase in the Changjiang Estuary is different, and the variation range of peak value ranges from several centimeters to tens of centimeters, not more than 25 cm. The process of water level and the process of increasing water by storm have the phenomenon of advance. The related conclusions reflect the spatial inhomogeneity and nonlinear characteristics of tide, wave and storm surge after sea level rise.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.23
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