港口工程影响下莱州湾南岸海洋沉积环境演变研究
发布时间：2019-05-23 00:44
【摘要】：莱州湾南岸资源丰富、人口密集、海洋经济发达，人类活动对海岸环境影响显著。同时莱州湾区域地质构造复杂、地貌类型多样，南岸地区水深较浅、地势低平，发育典型的粉砂质海岸，莱州湾南岸海域成为十分典型的受自然因素和人为因素共同作用下的海洋环境敏感区。近年来，在大型港口工程的影响下，莱州湾南岸的海洋沉积环境不断演化。因此对莱州湾南岸的海洋沉积环境演化过程进行研究，综合分析潍坊港的建设对附近海洋环境的影响，对于保护周边海洋环境、合理集约开发与利用海洋资源具有一定的理论与实际意义。 本文根据研究区莱州湾西南侧海域的147个表层沉积物样品、莱州湾及潍坊港附近海域3期海图资料、莱州湾10个站位的实测海流资料以及莱州湾南侧近岸海域2个沉积物柱状岩芯样品的粒度、测年、重金属、磁化率等资料，对研究区表层沉积物分布特征、输运趋势和输运通量、水深岸线演化特征、水动力环境变化特征、现代沉积速率及地球化学变化特征等进行了研究，综合分析了近年来在港口工程影响下的莱州湾南岸海洋沉积环境演变情况。本文主要研究成果如下： 研究区表层沉积物类型分布呈现明显的平行岸线的条带状特征，由岸向海沉积物类型依次为砂-粉砂质砂-砂质粉砂-粘土质粉砂；沉积物平均粒径等值线基本与岸线保持平行，总体上呈现由岸向海逐渐变小的趋势；近岸沉积物分布受潍坊港影响明显，各参数等值线均在港口处发生向岸的弯曲，港口两侧海域表层沉积物粒径变细。该海域表层沉积物的分布特征主要受沉积物物源、波浪潮流及港口工程等的共同控制和影响。 近岸区海洋波浪等水动力作用较强，离岸30~40km外相对开阔的远岸海域水深较大、海洋水动力相对平稳，其对应的沉积环境相对较弱，受港口影响其两侧沉积动力环境有所减弱。研究区西南部近岸海域，表层沉积物整体呈由岸向海输运的趋势，港口东侧近岸海域表层沉积物沿岸线方向自东向西输运，部分沉积物在潍坊港东侧堆积；研究区西北侧海域表层沉积物呈现出向南侧方向的输运趋势，这主要是受黄河三角洲细粒沉积物向南输送的影响。 1984~2002年莱州湾西侧黄河口附近海域岸线受黄河来水来沙及入海口位置的影响，岸线及等深线向海突出，莱州湾南侧岸线及等深线变化不大。潍坊港附近海域岸线在1984~2007年间岸线明显向海推进，形成大量新的人工岸线，该海域5m等深线不断向海推进，前进总距离约为1500~3000m。潍坊港附近海域1984～2007年整体以淤积为主，其中1984～2002年、2002～2007年平均淤积速率约为2cm/a、7cm/a，潍坊港的建设使港口东西两侧海域出现了一定程度的淤积，而在引堤端头处出现了小范围冲刷区。 研究区涨急时刻潮流场在黄河三角洲附近流向发生偏转并形成高流速区，其他区域流速由海向岸逐渐减小。2002年黄河口附近高流速区位置向东南方向移动，湾口一线海域流速增大，潍坊港10km引堤堤头处流速增大，引堤两侧流速减小。2007年潍坊港环抱式防波堤堤头处流速增大，，港口工程两侧特别是东侧海域流速减小。在大风作用下莱州湾海域有效波高由岸向海逐渐增大，2002年后黄河口沙嘴会对其南侧海域形成有效掩护，潍坊港工程会对其东侧或西侧附近海域起到一定的掩护作用，使有效波高减小，海洋动力条件减弱。 莱州湾南岸潍坊港附近海域3m以浅沉积物粒度较粗，沉积物类型以粉砂质砂为主，WF1孔230cm以浅、WF2孔218cm以浅沉积层为1855年黄河改道进入渤海后的沉积，沉积物中分布的细粒薄层是在风暴潮等极端海况条件下沉积下来的黄河细粒物质，这一时期莱州湾南岸沉积速率较小约为0.3~0.5cm/a；1997年和2007年两期潍坊港工程的建设对附近海域沉积环境有较大影响，沉积速率明显增大，1997~2007年间WF1孔、WF2孔的沉积速率分别为5.1cm/a和3.5cm/a；研究区沉积物中重金属含量受到人类活动影响较小，没有明显的重金属富集。
[Abstract]:The southern shore of the Laizhou Bay is rich in resources, the population is dense, the marine economy is developed, and the human activities have a significant impact on the coastal environment. At the same time, the regional geological structure of the Laizhou Bay is complex, the types of the landforms are diverse, the water depth in the south bank is shallow, the terrain is low and the typical silty coast is developed, and the sea area on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is a typical marine environment sensitive area under the action of natural factors and human factors. In recent years, under the influence of large port engineering, the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of Laizhou Bay is evolving. Therefore, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is studied, and the influence of the construction of the Fangfang Port on the marine environment in the vicinity is analyzed comprehensively. It is of theoretical and practical significance for the protection of the marine environment, the rational and intensive development and the utilization of the marine resources. According to the sea area of 147 surface sediments in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay in the research area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay and the grain size of the two sediment column core samples in the south of the Laizhou Bay are measured according to the data of the three charts of the sea area in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay of the study area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay, and the size and the granularity of the two sediment column core samples in the The characteristics of surface sediment distribution, transport trend and transport flux, water depth shoreline evolution, water dynamic environment change, modern deposition rate and geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments in the study area have been studied in terms of the data such as annual, heavy metal, magnetic susceptibility and so on. In this paper, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay under the influence of the port engineering has been comprehensively analyzed. The main research results of this paper are as follows: Under the following conditions, the distribution of surface sediment type in the study area presents a significant strip-like feature of the parallel shoreline, and the type of sediment from the shore to the sea is sand-silty sand-sandy silt-clayey silt, and the average particle size of the sediment is basically similar to that of the shoreline. In parallel, the trend of gradually decreasing from the shore to the sea is presented as a whole; the distribution of the near-shore deposit is affected by the harbor area, and the contour line of each parameter is bent at the port, and the surface layer sediment grains on both sides of the port The distribution of surface sediments in the sea area is mainly controlled by the source of sediment, wave power and port engineering. And the marine water power is relatively stable, the corresponding sedimentary environment is relatively weak, and the power ring is deposited on both sides of the port influenced by the port. In the near-shore area of the south-west of the study area, the whole of the surface sediments is transported by the shore to the sea. The coastal line direction of the surface sediments in the east of the port is transported from the east to the west, and some of the sediments are in the coastal area. On the east side of the port, the surface sediments in the northwest of the study area show a tendency to transport to the south, which is mainly due to the fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River Delta The effect of transportation. The coastline of the sea area near the Yellow River estuary in the west of the Laizhou Bay from 1984 to 2002 is affected by the water and sand of the Yellow River and the position of the estuary, the coastline and the deep line project to the sea, and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay The change of the line is not small. The coastline of the sea area in the vicinity of the Fangfang Port is obviously advanced to the sea during the period from 1984 to 2007, so as to form a large number of new artificial coastline, and the depth of 5m and other deep lines of the sea area are continuously advancing to the sea, and the total distance of the advance is about 150. From 1984 to 2002, the average deposition rate between 2002 and 2007 was about 2 cm/ a,7 cm/ a, and the construction of Fangfang Port caused some degree of siltation to the sea area on both sides of the port and appeared at the end of the levee. The flow field near the Yellow River Delta is deflected and a high flow velocity area is formed. The flow velocity of the other areas is gradually reduced from the sea to the shore. The location of the high flow area near the Yellow River estuary in 2002 is shifted to the southeast, and the bay The flow rate of the first-line sea area is increased, and the flow rate at the bank head of the 10km levee of the Fangfang Port is increased, and the flow velocity at the two sides of the levee is reduced. The flow rate of the surrounding-type breakwater at the harbor of the Qinfang Port in 2007 is increased, and the two sides of the port project are especially The flow velocity of the east sea area is reduced. The effective wave height in the sea area of the Laizhou Bay is gradually increased from the shore to the sea under the action of strong wind. In 2002, the mouth of the Yellow River mouth will form an effective cover for the sea area in the south of the sea area, and the harbor project will act as a cover for the sea area in the east or west of the sea area, so that the effective wave height is reduced. The marine dynamic condition is weakened. The sea area in the vicinity of the South Bank of Laizhou Bay is 3 m with a coarse sediment grain size, the sediment type is mainly silty sand, the WF1 hole 230cm is shallow, the WF2 hole is 218 cm, and the shallow deposit layer is 1855 years yellow. The deposit of the river diversion into the Bohai Sea, the fine-grained thin layer distributed in the sediments is the fine-grained material of the Yellow River, which is deposited under the extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like. The deposition rate of the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is about 0.3-0.5 cm/ a during this period, and the construction of the two-stage Fangfang Port Project in 1997 and 2007 is nearby The deposition rate of WF1 and WF2 is 5.1 cm/ a and 3.5 cm/ a, respectively, and the content of heavy metal in the sediment of the study area is less affected by human activity.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P736.21
本文编号：2483439
[Abstract]:The southern shore of the Laizhou Bay is rich in resources, the population is dense, the marine economy is developed, and the human activities have a significant impact on the coastal environment. At the same time, the regional geological structure of the Laizhou Bay is complex, the types of the landforms are diverse, the water depth in the south bank is shallow, the terrain is low and the typical silty coast is developed, and the sea area on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is a typical marine environment sensitive area under the action of natural factors and human factors. In recent years, under the influence of large port engineering, the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of Laizhou Bay is evolving. Therefore, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is studied, and the influence of the construction of the Fangfang Port on the marine environment in the vicinity is analyzed comprehensively. It is of theoretical and practical significance for the protection of the marine environment, the rational and intensive development and the utilization of the marine resources. According to the sea area of 147 surface sediments in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay in the research area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay and the grain size of the two sediment column core samples in the south of the Laizhou Bay are measured according to the data of the three charts of the sea area in the southwest of the Laizhou Bay of the study area, the measured current data of the 10 stations in the Laizhou Bay, and the size and the granularity of the two sediment column core samples in the The characteristics of surface sediment distribution, transport trend and transport flux, water depth shoreline evolution, water dynamic environment change, modern deposition rate and geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments in the study area have been studied in terms of the data such as annual, heavy metal, magnetic susceptibility and so on. In this paper, the evolution of the marine sedimentary environment on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay under the influence of the port engineering has been comprehensively analyzed. The main research results of this paper are as follows: Under the following conditions, the distribution of surface sediment type in the study area presents a significant strip-like feature of the parallel shoreline, and the type of sediment from the shore to the sea is sand-silty sand-sandy silt-clayey silt, and the average particle size of the sediment is basically similar to that of the shoreline. In parallel, the trend of gradually decreasing from the shore to the sea is presented as a whole; the distribution of the near-shore deposit is affected by the harbor area, and the contour line of each parameter is bent at the port, and the surface layer sediment grains on both sides of the port The distribution of surface sediments in the sea area is mainly controlled by the source of sediment, wave power and port engineering. And the marine water power is relatively stable, the corresponding sedimentary environment is relatively weak, and the power ring is deposited on both sides of the port influenced by the port. In the near-shore area of the south-west of the study area, the whole of the surface sediments is transported by the shore to the sea. The coastal line direction of the surface sediments in the east of the port is transported from the east to the west, and some of the sediments are in the coastal area. On the east side of the port, the surface sediments in the northwest of the study area show a tendency to transport to the south, which is mainly due to the fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River Delta The effect of transportation. The coastline of the sea area near the Yellow River estuary in the west of the Laizhou Bay from 1984 to 2002 is affected by the water and sand of the Yellow River and the position of the estuary, the coastline and the deep line project to the sea, and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay and the coastline of the south of the Laizhou Bay The change of the line is not small. The coastline of the sea area in the vicinity of the Fangfang Port is obviously advanced to the sea during the period from 1984 to 2007, so as to form a large number of new artificial coastline, and the depth of 5m and other deep lines of the sea area are continuously advancing to the sea, and the total distance of the advance is about 150. From 1984 to 2002, the average deposition rate between 2002 and 2007 was about 2 cm/ a,7 cm/ a, and the construction of Fangfang Port caused some degree of siltation to the sea area on both sides of the port and appeared at the end of the levee. The flow field near the Yellow River Delta is deflected and a high flow velocity area is formed. The flow velocity of the other areas is gradually reduced from the sea to the shore. The location of the high flow area near the Yellow River estuary in 2002 is shifted to the southeast, and the bay The flow rate of the first-line sea area is increased, and the flow rate at the bank head of the 10km levee of the Fangfang Port is increased, and the flow velocity at the two sides of the levee is reduced. The flow rate of the surrounding-type breakwater at the harbor of the Qinfang Port in 2007 is increased, and the two sides of the port project are especially The flow velocity of the east sea area is reduced. The effective wave height in the sea area of the Laizhou Bay is gradually increased from the shore to the sea under the action of strong wind. In 2002, the mouth of the Yellow River mouth will form an effective cover for the sea area in the south of the sea area, and the harbor project will act as a cover for the sea area in the east or west of the sea area, so that the effective wave height is reduced. The marine dynamic condition is weakened. The sea area in the vicinity of the South Bank of Laizhou Bay is 3 m with a coarse sediment grain size, the sediment type is mainly silty sand, the WF1 hole 230cm is shallow, the WF2 hole is 218 cm, and the shallow deposit layer is 1855 years yellow. The deposit of the river diversion into the Bohai Sea, the fine-grained thin layer distributed in the sediments is the fine-grained material of the Yellow River, which is deposited under the extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like. The deposition rate of the south bank of the Laizhou Bay is about 0.3-0.5 cm/ a during this period, and the construction of the two-stage Fangfang Port Project in 1997 and 2007 is nearby The deposition rate of WF1 and WF2 is 5.1 cm/ a and 3.5 cm/ a, respectively, and the content of heavy metal in the sediment of the study area is less affected by human activity.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P736.21
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 周树华;张芹;刘桂才;;莱州湾风暴潮天气的气候特征及预报[J];安徽农业科学;2010年26期
2 杜磊,易朝路,潘少明;长江下游巢湖湖泊沉积物的粒度特征与沉积环境[J];安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版);2004年01期
3 李行;周云轩;况润元;;上海崇明东滩岸线演变分析及趋势预测[J];吉林大学学报(地球科学版);2010年02期
4 段凌云,王张华,李茂田,潘建明,陈中原,Yishiki Saito,Yutaka kanai;长江口沉积物~(210)Pb分布及沉积环境解释[J];沉积学报;2005年03期
5 王爱军;高抒;贾建军;;江苏王港潮间带柱状样的压缩和校正[J];沉积学报;2006年04期
6 李桂海;曹志敏;蓝东兆;许江;王珊珊;;厦门海域现代沉积环境与重金属环境地球化学特征[J];沉积学报;2006年06期
7 刘红;何青;王元叶;孟翊;;长江口表层沉积物粒度时空分布特征[J];沉积学报;2007年03期
8 韦惺;莫文渊;吴超羽;;珠江三角洲地区全新世以来的沉积速率与沉积环境分析[J];沉积学报;2011年02期
9 张富元;冯秀丽;章伟艳;林霖;张霄宇;姚旭莹;;南海表层沉积物的沉降法和激光法粒度分析结果对比和校正[J];沉积学报;2011年04期
10 陈雪峰;王桂萱;;MIKE 21计算软件及其在长兴岛海域改造工程上的应用[J];大连大学学报;2007年06期
本文编号：2483439
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/haiyang/2483439.html
