燃料油和原油混合油镍钒特性的研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 14:29

【摘要】：由于石油在形成的过程中会受到硫活度、氧化还原电位和pH等各种外部条件的影响,不同产地油的镍钒比值都存在着较大的差异。微量金属镍、钒主要以有机螯合物的形式存在于石油中,其镍钒比值具有较强的抗风化性,因此,研究石油中微量金属镍、钒的特性对海上溢油鉴别具有重大意义。目前,海上溢油以鉴别单一油种为主要工作,而对不同油种的混油研究甚少。因此,本文对原油与燃料油混油的镍、钒特性进行研究,以期为海上溢油提供一种技术支撑。本研究以国内外两种原油(中东科威特原油、大庆原油)及船用燃料油作为研究对象,采用坩埚灰化法对三种油样进行前处理,用石墨炉-原子吸收法测定油样中的镍、钒含量,并计算出镍钒比值。然后分别用燃料油与科威特原油及大庆原油按一定比例进行混合,研究不同混合比例对混油镍、钒特性的影响,并根据镍、钒特性对混油系统聚类分析。再对不同比例的混油进行每期时长30天的两期海上模拟风化实验,研究风化对混油镍钒特性的影响。通过实验结果的分析和讨论得到以下结论：1.混油比例对镍钒特性的影响混合油样的镍钒比值随着镍钒比值大的那种单油所占比重的增加而呈现递增趋势。混油中某种单油所占的比重较大时,这些混油的镍钒特性相似,容易聚为一类。对燃料油和原油的显著性差异进行了t检验,燃料油和大庆原油的镍钒比显著相关,而和科威特原油则显著差异,这意味着实验所用的燃料油是由大庆原油炼制而成的。2.风化对混油镍钒特性的影响在风化的过程中,燃料油-科威特、燃料油-大庆两种混油的镍钒比值变化不大,表现出较强的抗风化能力。虽然油样之间的聚类情况有变动,但是仍具有某种单油所占比重较大的混合原油容易聚为一类的特点,这一特点并不受风化条件的影响。
[Abstract]:Because of the influence of sulfur activity, redox potential, pH and other external conditions in the process of formation, there is a large difference in the ratio of nickel to nickel in different producing areas. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of trace metal and nickel in oil. At present, the oil spill at sea is used to identify single oil species as the main work, and the mixed oil of different oil species is very low. Therefore, this paper studies the characteristics of the nickel and sulfur in the mixed oil of the crude oil and the fuel oil, in order to provide a technical support for the oil spill at sea. In this study, two kinds of crude oil (Kuwait crude oil, Daqing crude oil) and marine fuel oil at home and abroad were used as the research object. The three kinds of oil samples were pre-treated by the crucible ashing method. The content of nickel and iron in the oil sample was determined by graphite furnace-atomic absorption method, and the ratio of nickel to nickel was calculated. The effects of different mixing ratios on the properties of the mixed oil and the mixed oil were studied, and the cluster analysis of the mixed oil system was carried out on the basis of the characteristics of the nickel and the sulfur. The effects of weathering on the properties of mixed oil and nickel are studied. The following conclusions are obtained by the analysis and discussion of the experimental results:1. The ratio of oil-to-oil ratio to the ratio of nickel to nickel shows an increasing trend with the increase of the specific gravity of the single oil with a large ratio of nickel to nickel. When the specific gravity of some single oil in the mixed oil is large, the characteristics of the mixed oil are similar, and it is easy to gather together. The significant difference between the fuel oil and the crude oil is t-test, the nickel-to-fuel ratio of the fuel oil and the Daqing crude oil is significantly related, and the crude oil in Kuwait is significantly different, which means that the fuel oil used in the experiment is made from Daqing crude oil. The effect of weathering on the properties of the mixed oil and nickel is in the process of weathering, and the ratio of the nickel-to-gas ratio of the fuel oil-Kuwait and the fuel oil-Daqing oil mixed oil is not large, which shows strong anti-weathering capability. Although there is a change in the cluster of oil samples, the mixed crude oil with a large specific gravity of some kind of single oil can be easily collected into a class of characteristics, which is not affected by the weathering conditions.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;X834

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