固体介质中的重金属源解析及其在中国近海沉积物中的应用

发布时间：2019-06-19 12:19

【摘要】：沉积物中重金属源解析对甄别人为活动与自然变化对近海生态系统演化的影响有重要作用.本文总结了近年来污染物源解析常用的多元统计分析、地球化学方法和地质统计分析3种主要研究方法,剖析了不同方法的优劣及适用性,提出正定矩阵因子分析、Pb同位素示踪在重金属来源定量化研究中具有良好应用前景.梳理了中国近海沉积物中重金属来源的主要研究结果,发现河口和海湾是沉积物重金属受人为来源影响剧烈的典型近海区域,不同定量解析方法(多元统计分析、背景值估算、Pb同位素分析)均表明中国近海沉积物重金属的人为来源贡献率接近或超过50%.当前中国近海沉积物中重金属源解析研究还存在源识别端元模糊、解析结果缺乏相应的可靠性评价等问题.据此提出近海沉积物重金属源解析研究应使用多种解析技术手段综合、集成与优化,提高源解析的准确性;建立完善指标体系,筛选代表特定人为活动和自然过程的指标;甄别人为源重金属入海方式及过程,为沉积物数据信息的解译提供理论基础.
[Abstract]:The analysis of heavy metal sources in sediments plays an important role in identifying the effects of human activities and natural changes on the evolution of offshore ecosystems. In this paper, three main research methods, multivariate statistical analysis, geochemistry method and geological statistical analysis, which are commonly used in pollutant source analysis in recent years, are summarized, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different methods are analyzed, and the positive definite matrix factor analysis and Pb isotopic tracer have a good application prospect in the quantitative study of heavy metal sources. The main research results of heavy metal sources in offshore sediments of China are combed. It is found that estuary and bay are typical offshore areas where heavy metals are severely affected by artificial sources. Different quantitative analytical methods (multivariate statistical analysis, background value estimation, Pb isotopic analysis) show that the contribution rate of heavy metals from heavy metals in offshore sediments of China is close to or more than 50%. At present, there are still some problems in the analytical study of heavy metal sources in offshore sediments of China, such as the ambiguity of source identification end elements and the lack of corresponding reliability evaluation of analytical results. Therefore, it is pointed out that the analysis of heavy metal sources in offshore sediments should be synthesized, integrated and optimized by various analytical techniques to improve the accuracy of source analysis, establish and perfect the index system, screen the indexes that represent specific human activities and natural processes, and provide a theoretical basis for the interpretation of sediment data information by others for the way and process of heavy metals entering the sea.
【作者单位】：中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室(中国科学院海洋研究所);中国科学院大学;青岛海洋国家实验室海洋生态与环境功能实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2015CB452901,2015CB452902) 国家自然科学基金委-山东省联合资助项目(U1606404) 青岛海洋国家实验室“鳌山人才”专项(2015ASTP-OS13) 国家自然科学基金项目(41676068)资助~~
【分类号】：X55

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