硝酸装置设备制造工艺与材质选择

发布时间：2018-01-08 21:19

本文关键词：硝酸装置设备制造工艺与材质选择　出处：《武汉工程大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：硝酸是工业中常用的一种化工原料。在生产硝酸的过程中,由于其极强的强氧化性和腐蚀性,对过程设备都产生极大的危害,无论是管道、管件还是阀门都存在使用寿命不长,影响正常生产的问题。目前国际上公认最先进的“双加压法”生产硝酸同样存在这样的问题,世界各国专家都不断在研究解决这一难题。本文以湖北三宁化工股份有限公司硝酸生产装置为研究对象,该公司的硝酸装置采用设计采用天津华景化工新技术开发有限公司开发的最新双加压法稀硝酸生产技术。虽然工艺先进,但仍然存在吸收塔冷却盘管与塔盘、低压反应水冷器换热器等腐蚀问题。本文首先从传统生产硝酸装置工艺及设备进行了描述,提出生产硝酸的危险性。其次介绍了双加压法稀硝酸装置中的主要设备吸收塔及低压反应水冷器的工况及其特性。通过分析两台设备发现:由于Cl-聚集发生应力腐蚀、温差应力腐蚀和高温冷凝酸冲刷腐蚀等各种情况的腐蚀破坏,最终导致冷却盘管、塔盘与换热管、管板的腐蚀泄漏问题。同时还存在检修不方便、维护成本过高的问题。最后,通过多次工艺改进,本论文提出了在保证冷却水质量、重新选择优质原材料、优化设备结构的基础上、采用先进的加工制造工艺等一系列优化改进措施,有效地解决了目前吸收塔及低压反应水冷器存在的腐蚀问题,延长了使用寿命。通过工艺优化的改造,大幅度提高了硝酸装置的生产效率,同时保证了产品的质量和产量,降低了设备检修维护成本,为进一步工业化推广打下基础。
[Abstract]:Nitrate is a chemical raw materials commonly used in industrial production. In the process of nitric acid, due to strong oxidation and corrosion of the strong, have a great harm to the process equipment, regardless of the pipeline, pipe fittings or valves are used in life is not long, affecting the normal production of the problem. The current international recognized the most advanced "dual pressure nitric acid production method" has the same problem, experts from all over the world are constantly in the study to solve this problem. This paper takes Hubei three Nanjing Chemical Limited by Share Ltd nitric acid production plant as the research object, the company adopts nitrate device designed by Tianjin Huajing New Chemical Technology Development Co., the development of the latest double pressurizing method of dilute nitric acid production technology. Although the technology is advanced, but there are still the absorption tower and the cooling coil tray, low-pressure water cooler heat exchanger corrosion problem. This paper from the traditional production of nitrate Acid plant technology and equipment are described, the risk of nitrate production. Then introduces the double pressurizing method of dilute nitric acid unit in the main equipment conditions and characteristics of the low pressure reaction tower and water cooler absorption. Through the analysis of two sets of equipment found: due to the aggregation of Cl- stress corrosion, stress corrosion and corrosion temperature should be high temperature condensed acid erosion and other conditions, resulting in the cooling coil, the trays and the heat exchange tube, the problem of corrosion leakage of tube plate. There is also no maintenance is convenient, the maintenance cost is too high. Finally, through process improvement, this thesis proposes to ensure the quality of cooling water, re select high-quality raw materials base optimization of device structure, the processing of advanced manufacturing technology and a series of improvement measures, effectively solve the problem of corrosion current absorption tower and low-pressure water cooler are extended, Service life. Through the transformation of process optimization, the production efficiency of nitric acid plant has been greatly improved. Meanwhile, the quality and output of products have been guaranteed, and the cost of equipment maintenance has been reduced. This will lay a foundation for further industrialization and popularization.

【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ111.26

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