典型添加剂对硝酸铵基础性能的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 23:35

  本文关键词： 硝酸铵 添加剂 晶体变化 热稳定性 爆炸特性　出处：《南京理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了研究典型添加剂对硝酸铵基础性能的影响,通过选用机械混合工艺及溶液混合工艺,将NaCl、KCl和NH4H2PO4作为添加剂与硝酸铵混合,制取改性硝酸铵,采用XRD实验、DSC热分析实验和爆速实验对改性硝酸铵的晶体变化、热稳定性及爆炸性能进行了研究,对添加剂及添加工艺对硝酸铵基础性能的影响作了探索。XRD试验结果表明,常温常压下,溶液混合制取的含NaCl、KCl和NH4H2PO4改性硝酸铵的晶格参数分别为a=4.928、b=5.438、c=5.732, a=7.677、b=5.821、c=7.140和a=4.928、b=5.438、c=5.732；机械混合制取的改性硝酸铵的晶格参数均为a=5.724、b=5.455和c=4.945,与纯硝酸铵的相同,说明溶液混合工艺对硝酸铵晶体结构有显著的影响。在DSC试验中,溶液混合工艺制得的样品,NaCl和KC1含量为10%时,起始反应温度分别从AN的202.31℃提高到225.30℃和210.59V,NH4H2PO4含量为20%时提高到236.89℃；机械混合工艺制得的样品,NaCl和KCl含量为10%时,‘提高到215.30℃和208.24℃, NH4H2PO4含量为20%时提高到228.84℃,结果表明添加剂的加入提高了硝酸铵的热稳定性,溶液混合工艺对提高硝酸铵的热稳定性效果更好。在爆速实验中,溶液混合工艺制得的样品,NaCl和KCl含量为5%时,爆速为2004m/s和1860m/s,含量为10%时,为1735m/s和1614m/s, NH4H2PO4含量为5%、10%、15%和20%时,爆速分别为1889m/s、2006m/s、2012m/s和1695m/s；机械混合工艺制得的样品,NaCl和KCl含量为10%时爆速为1591m/s和1425m/s, NH4H2PO4含量为15%和20%的爆速分别为1256m/s和1188m/s,实验结果表明添加剂含量及添加工艺对硝酸铵的爆速有着不同的影响。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of typical additives on the basic properties of ammonium nitrate, the modified ammonium nitrate was prepared by mixing NaCl-KCl and NH4H2PO4 with ammonium nitrate by mechanical mixing and solution mixing. The crystal changes, thermal stability and explosive properties of modified ammonium nitrate were studied by XRD thermal analysis and detonation rate test. The effects of additives and adding technology on the basic properties of ammonium nitrate were investigated. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the lattice parameters of NaCl-KCl and NH4H2PO4 modified ammonium nitrate prepared by solution mixing are: a _ (4.928) B _ (+) ~ (5.438) C _ (5) C _ (5.732), a ~ (7.67 7) B ~ (5 +) ~ (5.821) C ~ (7) C ~ (7.140) and a ~ (4.928) B _ (5.438c) C _ (5.732), respectively. The lattice parameters of the modified ammonium nitrate prepared by mechanical mixing are all a _ (5.724b) _ (5.455) and ~ (4.945) ~ (th), which are the same as those of pure ammonium nitrate, and the lattice parameters of the modified ammonium nitrate prepared by mechanical mixing are all the same as those of the pure ammonium nitrate. The results show that the solution mixing process has a significant effect on the crystal structure of ammonium nitrate. In the DSC test, when the content of NaCl and KC1 in the samples prepared by the solution mixing process is 10, The initial reaction temperature was raised from 202.31 鈩，

本文编号：1501710