形貌可控AlOOH纳米粉体的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 05:14

本文关键词： AlOOH 水热法可控形貌吸附　出处：《陕西科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,氧化铝(Al2O3)及其前驱体纳米材料,因其具有纳米效应、低熔点、比表面积巨大、化学和热力学性能稳定、以及成本低廉等优点而被广泛应用于催化剂、催化剂载体、吸附剂、功能材料、光电材料以及医用材料等复合材料领域。因此,人们采用各种方法控制氧化铝及其前驱体的形貌、粒径大小和尺寸分布,以期制备出同时具有各种优异性能的催化剂及吸附剂材料。(1)以十八水合硫酸铝、尿素、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和酒石酸钠作为原料,采用传统水热法成功制备出高结晶度、粒径均匀、形貌均一的花状γ-Al OOH,并推测其花状结构形成的可能机理。同时,研究了原料的添加量对产物形貌及结晶性的影响,为制备球状的氧化铝前驱体奠定基础。室温下,通过测定其对甲基橙的吸附性能来评估所制备的粉体对于水体污染物的吸附能力。(2)研究表明,通过改变酒石酸钠添加量可以制备出高结晶度的球状氧化铝前驱体,并推测其球状结构形成的可能机理。经过一系列的对比实验,确定出了制备球状氧化铝前驱体的最佳原料添加量,这就为制备空心的球状氧化铝前驱体奠定基础。并且测定了其对甲基橙的吸附性能,结果表明,所制备的球状γ-Al OOH的吸附能力高于花状γ-Al OOH。(3)选用柠檬酸钠作为新的模板剂成功制备出了空心球状氧化铝前驱体。通过一系列的对比实验,我们得出制备空心球状氧化铝前驱体的最佳原料添加量以及最佳的水热温度,并推测出其空心结构形成的可能机理。最后测定了其对甲基橙的吸附性能,因其特殊的空心结构和较大的表面积,这种空心球状结构的氧化铝前驱体在作为催化剂载体方面必将拥有更为广阔的前景。(4)以九水合硝酸铝、尿素以及聚乙二醇2000(PEG 2000)作为原料,采用传统水热的方法成功制备出高结晶度的棒状氧化铝前驱体,并推测其棒状结构形成的可能机理。研究了PEG 2000的含量对样品形貌等的影响,确定出制备棒状氧化铝前驱体的最佳添加量,并且测定了其对于污染物的吸附能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, alumina (Al _ 2O _ 3) and its precursor nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysts and supports due to their advantages of nanometer effect, low melting point, large specific surface area, stable chemical and thermodynamic properties, and low cost. In the field of composite materials, such as adsorbent, functional materials, optoelectronic materials and medical materials, people use various methods to control the morphology, particle size and size distribution of alumina and its precursors. With a view to preparing catalysts and adsorbent materials with various excellent properties at the same time, high crystallinity was successfully prepared with 18 aluminum sulfate hydrate, urea, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium tartrate as raw materials by traditional hydrothermal method. The formation mechanism of the flower-like structure of 纬 -Al OOH with uniform particle size and uniform morphology was deduced. At the same time, the effect of the amount of raw material on the morphology and crystallinity of the product was studied, which laid the foundation for the preparation of spherical alumina precursor at room temperature. The adsorption capacity of the prepared powder to water pollutants was evaluated by measuring its adsorption capacity for methyl orange. The results showed that the spherical alumina precursor with high crystallinity could be prepared by changing the amount of sodium tartrate. Through a series of comparative experiments, the optimum amount of raw material for preparing spherical alumina precursor was determined. This lays the foundation for the preparation of hollow spherical alumina precursors, and the adsorption properties for methyl orange are determined. The adsorption ability of spherical 纬 -Al OOH was higher than that of flower-like 纬 -Al OOH.f3) the hollow spherical alumina precursor was successfully prepared by using sodium citrate as a new template. A series of comparative experiments were carried out. The optimum amount of raw material and the optimum hydrothermal temperature for preparing hollow spherical alumina precursor were obtained, and the possible mechanism of the formation of hollow structure was inferred. Finally, the adsorption properties of the hollow alumina precursor to methyl orange were determined. Because of its special hollow structure and large surface area, the alumina precursor with hollow spherical structure will have a wider prospect as catalyst carrier. It will use aluminum nitrate, urea and polyethylene glycol 2000PEG2000 as raw materials. The rod-like alumina precursor with high crystallinity was successfully prepared by the traditional hydrothermal method, and the possible mechanism of the rod-like structure formation was inferred. The effect of the content of PEG 2000 on the morphology of the sample was studied. The optimum addition amount of rod-like alumina precursor was determined and its adsorption capacity to pollutants was determined.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ133.1;TB383.1

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