正渗透膜制备过程因素影响及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:33

  本文关键词： 正渗透 非溶液致相分离 三醋酸纤维 复合溶剂 微囊藻毒素　出处：《上海应用技术学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反渗透技术(RO)作为一种高效的膜分离技术,为解决水资源短缺,水环境恶化等问题发挥着重要作用,已广泛地渗透于各种行业。最近,正渗透(Forward Osmosis)作为一种新型的膜分离技术,依靠其自身溶液渗透压的驱动,有效地降低耗能,目前正被越来越多的研究人员所关注。本文以三醋酸纤维为膜材料,以1,4-二氧六环,氮甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),丙酮为复合溶剂,以甲醇,磷酸三乙酯,磷酸及乳酸中的一种作为添加剂,通过不同的凝胶条件,利用非溶剂致相分离法(NIPS)法来制备高性能的正渗透膜。首先,选择合适的复合溶剂配比制备均一性良好的铸膜液进行刮膜。其次,讨论不同凝胶条件对成膜结构与性能的影响,其中,最佳溶剂的预挥发时间15s,挥发温度为25℃,在这个条件下获得的膜具有很高的通量,以及较高的截留率；最佳凝胶温度为10℃；膜后处理温度在60-70℃之间,可获得孔径分布较小的膜。最后,探索了几种不同驱动液在正渗透应用中的研究以及讨论了运用正渗透技术进行微囊藻毒素脱除的方法。不同的驱动液具有不同的渗透压,因而在正渗透体系中具有不同的水通量。氯化镁溶液较氯化钠和葡萄糖溶液有高的水通量；而葡萄糖作为驱动液时,对应的正渗透体系具有较高的截留率。另外,通过对微囊藻毒素的脱除实验,初步证明正渗透可以有效地进行微囊藻毒素的脱除。
[Abstract]:As an efficient membrane separation technology, reverse osmosis (RO) technology plays an important role in solving the problems of water shortage and deterioration of water environment. At present, more and more researchers are paying attention to reducing energy consumption by using the drive of its own solution osmotic pressure. In this paper, triacetate fiber is used as membrane material, with 1 ~ (4) dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMPN) and acetone as composite solvent. One of the additives in methanol, triethyl phosphate, phosphoric acid and lactic acid was used to prepare high performance normal osmotic membranes by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) under different gel conditions. The suitable compound solvent ratio was chosen to prepare the casting solution with good uniformity for scraping. Secondly, the effects of different gel conditions on the structure and properties of the film were discussed. Among them, the optimal solvent pre-volatilization time was 15 s, and the volatilization temperature was 25 鈩，

本文编号：1543068