定向多孔陶瓷的制备与应用进展

发布时间：2018-03-01 10:45

本文关键词： 一维定向孔多孔陶瓷制备应用进展　出处：《稀有金属》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：定向多孔陶瓷因具有良好的流体渗透性及力学性能越来越引起人们的广泛重视。综述了定向多孔陶瓷常见的制备工艺,分别介绍了阳极氧化工艺、生物模板工艺、添加造孔剂工艺、冷冻干燥工艺以及其他常见工艺的原理以及国内外发展现状,总结了各种工艺的特点,其中阳极氧化工艺主要用于制备高度定向周期排列的介孔结构,此法存在基体与多孔材料分离时产生环境污染问题;生物模板工艺主要利用天然木材为模板,通过渗透、热解、反应等工艺步骤直接复型其生物形态的定向孔结构,此法制备的定向多孔陶瓷气孔率较低、力学性能较差且其制备步骤较为繁琐等问题;添加造孔剂工艺是利用高长径比的造孔剂通过挤压或者施加磁场等方式使其定向排列从而得到定向孔,此法生产大型陶瓷产品时具有一定的优势;冷冻干燥工艺主要是冷冻凝固陶瓷浆料,使浆料中的溶剂定向生长为"冰晶"随后减压干燥以去除凝固相溶剂,从而制备出多孔陶瓷,此法制备的成品孔隙率易于控制且定向孔连通性良好。综述了定向多孔陶瓷作为陶瓷过滤器和交叉复合材料预制体的应用,并对其制备工艺进行了总结与展望。
[Abstract]:More and more attention has been paid to directional porous ceramics due to their good fluid permeability and mechanical properties. The common preparation techniques of directional porous ceramics are reviewed, and anodic oxidation process and biological template process are introduced, respectively. The principle of adding pore-making agent, freeze-drying process and other common processes, as well as the development status at home and abroad, are summarized. Among them, anodic oxidation process is mainly used to prepare mesoporous structure with highly oriented periodic arrangement. This method has the problem of environmental pollution when the matrix is separated from the porous material. The biological template process mainly uses natural wood as the template, and directly replicates the directional pore structure of its biological form by permeation, pyrolysis, reaction and other technological steps. The porous ceramics prepared by this method have low porosity, poor mechanical properties and complicated preparation procedures. The process of adding pore-making agent is to use the pore-making agent with high ratio of length to diameter to make it orientate by squeezing or applying magnetic field. This method has some advantages in producing large ceramic products. The freeze-drying process mainly consists of freeze-solidified ceramic slurry, in which the solvent in the slurry is directionally grown into "ice crystal" and then decompressed to dry to remove the solidification phase solvent, thus the porous ceramics are prepared. The porosity of the finished product prepared by this method is easy to control and the directional pore connectivity is good. The application of directional porous ceramics as ceramic filter and cross composite preform is reviewed and its preparation process is summarized and prospected.
【作者单位】：西安航空学院材料工程学院;盐城工学院材料工程学院;屯特大学科学与技术学院;西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51202211;51202187) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M562404) 高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人培养对象项目江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20150431) 江苏省高校自然科学基金项目(12KJB430012;12KJA430006)资助
【分类号】：TQ174.1

【相似文献】