杂化微球复合油水分离薄膜的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 05:09

本文选题：油水分离　切入点：杂化微球　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业废水和生活污水的大量排放、原油泄漏的频繁发生,威胁着人类健康和生态环境,因此油水分离技术成为研究者的关注热点。其中膜分离技术因其分离效率高、简单易行等优点而备受瞩目。而在薄膜中引入杂化微球,不仅可以增加薄膜表面的粗糙度、提高其亲疏水性,还能赋予薄膜一些新的特性。因此本论文致力于杂化微球复合油水分离薄膜的研究,主要研究内容如下:1.通过Pickering乳液法制备了具有核壳结构的聚苯乙烯(PS)-Laponite有机无机杂化微球,并通过流延法得到了表面具有微纳多级结构的PS-Laponite杂化微球/聚乙烯醇(PVA)油水分离膜。适量PS/Laponite杂化微球的引入不仅能够提高薄膜表面的粗糙度,使得薄膜具备水下超疏油的性质,水下油接触角达到150°以上;还能明显提升薄膜的水通性能,使得薄膜在常压下的水通量达到885 Lm~(-2)h~(-1),而且薄膜对简单油水混合物的分离效率达到99.8%以上。PS-Laponite杂化微球/PVA复合薄膜具有良好的机械性能,断裂拉伸强度为74.2MPa。2.在常温常压下,通过同步醋酸纤维素(CA)溶液的水蒸气诱导相分离法以及钛酸丁酯和3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的水解缩合反应,成功制备了SiO_2-TiO_2杂化微球/CA复合气凝胶薄膜。其中,SiO_2和TiO_2微球的生成在薄膜表面形成微纳多级结构,从而增加了薄膜表面粗糙度;此外还在薄膜中起到交联作用,使得薄膜具有一定的机械强度和热稳定性,为薄膜的油水分离提供了有利条件。3.通过相分离法制备出的SiO_2-TiO_2杂化微球/CA复合气凝胶薄膜具有疏水亲油性,其接触角最高可达到138.5°。该气凝胶薄膜具有分离表面活性剂稳定的纳米尺寸的油包水乳液的能力,在常温常压下表现出高达667Lm~(-2)h~(-1)的通量和99.96%以上的分离效率。气凝胶薄膜本身优异的稳定性,使其能够在多次循环使用后,分离通量仅有略微下降,且分离效率仍高达99.99%以上。此外,在紫外光照射下,气凝胶薄膜表现出较好的抗污性能。
[Abstract]:Because of the large discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage and the frequent occurrence of crude oil leakage, which threaten human health and ecological environment, oil-water separation technology has become the focus of attention of researchers, among which membrane separation technology has high separation efficiency. The introduction of hybrid microspheres into the film can not only increase the surface roughness of the film, but also improve its hydrophobicity. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to the study of hybrid microspheres composite oil-water separation films. The main research contents are as follows: 1. PS / Laponite organic-inorganic hybrid microspheres with core-shell structure were prepared by Pickering emulsion method. The oil-water separation film of PS-Laponite hybrid microspheres / polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was obtained by flow casting method. The introduction of proper amount of PS/Laponite hybrid microspheres can not only improve the surface roughness of the films, but also make the films have the properties of super oil thinning under water. The underwater oil contact angle is more than 150 掳, and the water permeability of the film can be improved obviously. The results show that the water flux of the film reaches 885Lm ~ (-1) at atmospheric pressure, and the separation efficiency of the film for a simple oil-water mixture is more than 99.8%. PS-Laponite hybrid microsphere / PVA composite film has good mechanical properties, and its fracture tensile strength is 74.2MPa.2. at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the film has good mechanical properties, and the tensile strength of the film is 74.2MPa.2.The film has good mechanical properties and the tensile strength is 74.2MPa.2. The water vapor induced phase separation of cellulose acetate (CA) solution and the hydrolysis and condensation of butyl titanate and 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane were studied. SiO_2-TiO_2 hybrid microspheres / CA composite aerogel thin films were successfully prepared, in which the formation of SiO2 and TiO_2 microspheres formed micro-nano multistage structures on the surface of the films, which increased the surface roughness of the films, and also played a cross-linking role in the films. The film has a certain mechanical strength and thermal stability, which provides favorable conditions for oil-water separation. 3. The SiO_2-TiO_2 hybrid microsphere / CA composite aerogel film prepared by phase separation has hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The contact angle of the aerogel film is up to 138.5 掳. The aerogel film has the ability to separate surfactant stabilized nano-sized oil-in-water emulsion. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the flux of aerogel film is as high as 667L ~ (-1) and the separation efficiency is more than 99.96%. The aerogel film has excellent stability, and the separation flux decreases only slightly after repeated recycling. The separation efficiency is still over 99.99%. In addition, the aerogel film exhibits good antifouling performance under UV irradiation.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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