超浸润表面的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-13 03:32

  本文选题：亲水性棉织物　切入点：超疏水织物　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来原油的泄露和生活用油的随意排放,在造成巨大经济损失的同时也给生态环境带来了严重的迫害。众所周知,油和水的表面张力存在着较大的差异,因此可以选择对油和水具有不同亲和力的材料作为油/水分离材料,进行油/水混合物的分离,并且可以通过赋予材料特殊浸润性,以增强材料的油水分离效率。表面润湿性是固体表面的一个重要性质,近年来超浸润表面,如:超疏水,超亲水,以及Janus表面的研究逐渐引起了大家的广泛关注。本文制备并研究了三种不同的材料(亲水,超疏水和Janus织物)在油/水分离中的应用,主要结论如下:超浸润表面的制备及其在油水分离中的应用。(1)经传统前处理工艺处理后的纯棉机织物,由于其本身具备空气中亲水和水下疏油的特性,润湿的棉织物能够用于分离轻油/水组成的油水分层体系,并且经过50次循环使用后其油水分离效率依然能够大于98%,但经前处理的纯棉机织物作为油水分离材料,在油水分离过程中也存在着一定的缺陷,即其不能够分离重油/水组成的油水分层体系。(2)为了弥补纯棉机织物在油水分离应用中的不足,本文介绍了一种简单的制备耐久性,超疏水表面的方法。将(3-巯基丙基)-三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体制备的Si O2溶胶,通过浸渍的方法处理到棉织物表面,接着通过氨气引发聚合反应的方法,在棉织物表面生长出Si O2颗粒,最后借助点击化学的手段,将甲基丙烯酸十三氟辛酯接枝到棉织物表面,对棉织物进行表面改性,以降低其表面能。这便制备出了具有优异超疏水特性的棉织物。水在制备的超疏水织物表面的接触角和滚动角分别为:155°,和5°;制备的超疏水织物,具有良好的摩擦牢度,经摩擦牢度仪破坏织物组织结构后,仍能保持较好的超疏水特性;此外处理后的织物还具备优异的耐酸和耐紫外光照的特性。制备的超疏水织物在油水分离的就应用中,能够高效地实现重油/水组成的油水分层体系的分离,并且经过50次的循环使用后其分离效率仍在98%以上。但在油水分离过程中以超疏水棉织物作为油水分离材料也存在着明显的缺陷,即其不能够分离轻油/水组成的油水分层体系。(3)为了赋予基底同时具备轻油/水和重油/水两种体系的油水混合物高效分离的功能。本文介绍了一种简单的方法,制备单面亲水和单面疏水的Janus织物。利用上述制备的超疏水织物不耐强碱的特性,将上述制备的超疏水棉织物,放到1mol/L的烧碱溶液中加热保温30min,只破坏超疏水织物一侧的粗糙结构和低表面能物质,便可获得一面亲水一面疏水的Janus织物。研究发现在油水分离实验中,以Janus织物作为油水分离材料进行油水分离时,当重油/水混合物首先接触到Janus织物亲水面时,Janus织物能够高效地将重油/水混合物分离开。将Janus织物的亲水面润湿,当轻油/水混合物首先接触到Janus织物疏水面时,Janus织物能够高效地将轻油/水混合物分离开。此外Janus织物在油水分离实验中具有高效和高循环次数的特点经过10循环使用后依然能达到98%的分离效率。
[Abstract]:Random discharge of crude oil leakage and oil life in recent years, resulting in huge economic losses but also to the ecological environment has brought serious persecution. As everyone knows, there is a big difference between the surface tension of oil and water, so you can choose to have a different affinity for water and oil materials as oil / water separation materials, separation oil / water mixture, and can give special invasive, to enhance the efficiency of oil-water separation. Material surface wettability is an important property of solid surface, in recent years, ultra infiltration surface, such as: super hydrophobic and super hydrophilic, and on the surface of Janus has aroused widespread concern. In this system the preparation and study of three different materials (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and Janus fabric) in the application of oil / water separation, the main conclusions are as follows: the infiltration of surface preparation and its application in oil-water separation (1). The cotton fabric processing traditional pretreatment, due to its own characteristics with hydrophilic and oleophobic air under water, wet cotton fabric can be used in separating oil / water composed of oil-water stratified system, and after 50 cycles after the use of the oil-water separation efficiency can still reach more than 98%, but the pure cotton fabric before treatment as oil-water separation materials in the oil-water separation process also has some defects, which can not be separated oil / water composed of oil-water stratified system. (2) in order to make up for the cotton fabric in the oil-water separation disadvantages in the application, this paper introduces a simple preparation method of durability. Super hydrophobic surface. (3- mercapto propyl) - trimethoxysilane as precursor for the preparation of Si O2 sol treatment onto the fabric surface by impregnation method, and then through the ammonia induced polymerization method in cotton fabric surface. The growth of Si O2 particles, finally using click chemistry method, thirteen fluorine-containing methacrylate grafted to the fabric surface, the cotton fabric was modified to reduce the surface energy. It is prepared with cotton fabric excellent super hydrophobic properties. The water in the water surface preparation of superhydrophobic fabric the contact angle and roll angle was 155 degrees, and 5 degrees; the fabrics prepared by super hydrophobic, with good rubbing fastness, destroy the fabric structure by rubbing fastness, can still maintain a super good hydrophobic property; in addition the treated fabric has good resistance to acid and ultraviolet radiation characteristics. The fabrics in the oil-water separation by super hydrophobic application, can effectively realize the separation of oil / water system consisting of oil-water separation, and after 50 cycles of use after the separation efficiency was more than 98%. But in the process of the super hydrophobic oil-water separation Cotton fabric as oil-water separation material also has obvious defects, which can not separate oil / water composed of oil-water stratified system. (3) to give the basement with oil / water and oil / water system of two kinds of efficient separation of oil and water mixture function. This paper introduces a simple method of preparation one single hydrophilic and hydrophobic Janus fabric. According to the preparation of super hydrophobic fabric alkali resistant properties, will be the preparation of superhydrophobic cotton fabric, into the caustic soda solution of 1mol/L heating 30min, only the destruction of super hydrophobic fabric on the side of the rough structure and low surface energy material, can be obtained a hydrophilic hydrophobic side Janus fabric. The study found in the oil-water separation experiment, using Janus fabric as oil-water separator material for oil-water separation, oil / water mixture when the first contact with the Janus fabric hydrophilic surface, Janus fabric can 楂樻晥鍦板皢閲嶆补/姘存贩鍚堢墿鍒嗙�诲迹�

本文编号：1604641