外加磁场对氢氧机电解效率影响的研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 11:32

本文选题：电解效率　切入点：磁场　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氢气是一种清洁的能源,在燃烧过程中不产生温室气体等有害气体。氢能被认为将永久解决化石燃料危机,又能够同时解决全球环境污染和温室效应问题,因此世界范围内学者对制氢技术进行了大量的研究。其中碱性电解水制氢已经发展为一个很常见的制氢手段。但是由于电解效率较低导致大部分的工业电解槽电能消耗较高,因此电解产生的氢气的成本也较高,这就成为了制约电解水制氢技术在更大范围内应用的重要因素。本文通过分析电解槽的各项参数与电解效率之间的关系,建立了电解槽的电解效率的计算公式,发现电解效率与过电位直接相关、之后建立过电位的数学模型,该数学模型能够指引电解槽的优化设计方向。分析了电解槽在施加了外部磁场后,在电解过程中会产生相应的电磁力,引起电解液产生对流现象,即磁流体动力学(MHD)效应,根据建立的过电位的数学模型分析出该效应对过电位和电解效率的影响。其次,推导出电解液在施加外部磁场后的磁流体动力学方程,并通过ANSYS和Fluent软件共同建立施加永磁体磁场后的电解液流场分析模型,对电场、磁场和流场进行耦合仿真分析,得出流场速度与电解槽工作电流的关系,流场速度与永磁体厚度参数之间的关系。通过搭建实验装置和设计实验方案来对不同电解液浓度,不同电极间距下的电解效率进行实验研究,并对施加磁场后的电解槽进行实验研究,探究了施加不同方向和不同磁感应强度的磁场时对电解效率的影响。最后将研究的成果应用到车载氢氧机的设计上,设计电解槽时在合适的位置安装上适当厚度的永磁体;并在此基础上设计了电源系统和控制系统,最终完成一个车载氢氧机整体系统。设计完成的控制系统实现了对车载氢氧机工作状态的实时监控,实现了车载氢氧机系统的安全可靠运行。
[Abstract]:Hydrogen is a clean energy source that does not produce harmful gases such as greenhouse gases during combustion. Hydrogen is thought to be a permanent solution to the fossil fuel crisis, as well as global environmental pollution and Greenhouse Effect problems. Therefore, a great deal of research has been done on hydrogen production technology worldwide. Among them, alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production has been developed as a very common method of hydrogen production. However, due to the low efficiency of electrolysis, most industrial electrolytic cells consume more electric energy. Therefore, the cost of hydrogen produced by electrolysis is also high, which has become an important factor restricting the application of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology in a wider range. This paper analyzes the relationship between the parameters of the electrolytic cell and the electrolytic efficiency. The calculation formula of the electrolytic efficiency of the electrolytic cell is established. It is found that the electrolytic efficiency is directly related to the overpotential, and then the mathematical model of the overpotential is established. The mathematical model can guide the optimum design direction of the electrolytic cell. It is analyzed that the electromagnetism force will be produced in the electrolysis process after the external magnetic field is applied in the electrolytic cell, which will lead to the convection of the electrolyte, that is, the MHD effect. According to the established mathematical model of overpotential, the effect of this effect on overpotential and electrolysis efficiency is analyzed. Secondly, the magnetohydrodynamic equation of electrolyte after applying external magnetic field is derived. The analysis model of electrolyte flow field after applying permanent magnet magnetic field is established by ANSYS and Fluent software. The coupling simulation analysis of electric field, magnetic field and flow field is carried out, and the relationship between the flow field velocity and the working current of electrolytic cell is obtained. The relationship between the velocity of flow field and the parameters of the thickness of permanent magnet is studied. The electrolysis efficiency under different electrolyte concentration and different electrode spacing is studied experimentally by setting up an experimental device and designing an experimental scheme. The effect of the magnetic field on the electrolysis efficiency is studied. Finally, the research results are applied to the design of the hydrogen-oxygen engine. The electrolysis cell is designed with a permanent magnet of the appropriate thickness in the right position, and on this basis, the power supply system and the control system are designed. The control system is designed to realize the real-time monitoring of the working state of the vehicle hydrogen and oxygen engine, and the safe and reliable operation of the vehicle hydrogen and oxygen engine system is realized.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ116.2

【参考文献】