钠硼硅酸盐玻璃中空纤维膜的制备与研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 09:58

  本文选题：钠硼硅酸盐玻璃　切入点：中空纤维膜　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无机膜具有耐高温、耐化学腐蚀和机械强度高等优异性能,其中玻璃膜以其良好的可塑性、可控的孔径以及很窄的孔径分布而受到越来越多的关注。关于玻璃中空纤维膜的制备,现已有熔融拉丝、溶胶-凝胶和化学气相沉积等方法,但尚无采用溶液纺丝法即干湿法纺丝制备玻璃中空纤维膜的研究,因此本文采用该方法,结合分相-沥滤致孔原理,制备了钠硼硅酸盐玻璃中空纤维膜。本文首先借助相图得出了最适合于分相的玻璃组成,然后以石英砂、硼砂和硼酸为原料,熔制了钠硼硅酸盐玻璃。对分相因素的研究结果表明,随着分相温度和时间的增加,玻璃的分相程度均是先增大后减小,由此得出了最佳分相温度和时间分别为550℃和16 h。在玻璃粉的球磨过程中选取了三种研磨介质,发现陶瓷球的球磨效果最好。将玻璃粉与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)剧烈搅拌得到均匀的铸膜液,粘度测试表明,玻璃粉的质量分数在60%左右较适宜。在干湿法纺丝过程中发现,随着牵引速度的增加,所纺前驱体的指状孔区域和气孔率均减小。在前驱体的烧结过程中发现,随着烧结温度的升高,中空纤维的多孔区域不断缩小,弯曲强度不断增加,亲水性能先降低后提高。在中空纤维的沥滤过程中发现,随着硝酸浓度的增加,玻璃膜的平均孔径、比表面积和孔容均减小,但在浓度达到3 mol/L时,孔径分布最窄。对于不同浓度硝酸所得到玻璃膜的纯水通量,在测试开始后出现不同程度的增大,然后保持稳定,最大的纯水通量稳定值为134L/(m2·h)。不同硝酸浓度下玻璃膜对碳素的截留率均在99%以上,对牛血清蛋白的截留率随硝酸浓度的增大而增大,最大为50.4%。
[Abstract]:Inorganic film has excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength, among which glass film has good plasticity. More and more attention has been paid to the controllable pore size and narrow pore size distribution. As for the preparation of glass hollow fiber membrane, there have been some methods such as melt drawing, sol-gel and chemical vapor deposition, etc. However, there is no research on the preparation of glass hollow fiber membrane by solution spinning, that is, dry and wet spinning, so this method is combined with the principle of phase separation and leaching. Sodium borosilicate glass hollow fiber membrane was prepared. In this paper, the most suitable glass composition for phase separation was obtained by using phase diagram, and then quartz sand, borax and boric acid were used as raw materials. Sodium borosilicate glass was prepared by melting. The results of the study on the phase separation factors show that the phase separation degree of the glass increases first and then decreases with the increase of the temperature and time of the phase separation. The optimum temperature and time of phase separation are 550 鈩，

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