不同形貌CuO纳米材料的制备及其气敏性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 17:07

  本文选题：CuO纳米粒子　切入点：CuO纳米线　出处：《青岛科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着近年来人们对环境监测和人身安全重视程度的增加,环境中存在的有毒及可燃挥发性有机物(VOC)的检测逐渐成为人们的研究热点。纳米结构的CuO作为一种无毒经济的p型半导体材料,同时拥有较大的比表面积以及独特的尺寸效应,具有非常广泛的商业应用,在作为气敏材料使用时呈现出优良的气敏响应性能。本文通过简单经济的水溶液反应制备了零维CuO纳米粒子、一维CuO纳米线和二维CuO纳米片,并经后期手工涂覆与管式电极相结合构建出三种不同形貌的纳米CuO气敏传感器。在单独测试时对于所测VOC,气敏响应信号明显,基线稳定,响应和恢复时间短,重复性好,具有较好的测试可信性；均对所测9-11种VOC中的乙醇、甲醇、丙酮具有一定的选择性,CuO纳米片的气敏响应灵敏度均高于CuO纳米粒子；最佳工作温度均为300℃左右,CuO纳米线在200℃下即可产生较稳定的气敏响应；无论在低温1700C还是高温3200C下,CuO纳米片对乙醇、丙酮、甲醇的气敏响应灵敏度均高于CuO纳米粒子；在300℃下,对10-1000ppm乙醇蒸汽的气敏响应灵敏度高低排序为：CuO纳米线CuO纳米片CuO纳米粒子,且均高于商用Sn02气敏传感器。为了克服传统的粗糙涂覆工艺对传感器性能所带来的负面影响,还利用磁控溅射技术制备铜膜,探讨了溅射电流和溅射时间对铜膜导通性的影响,得到了制备铜膜的最佳溅射条件,将铜膜经后期热氧化构建得到一体化CuO纳米粒子气敏传感器,该传感器对不同VOC的响应信号明显、快速、基线稳定、恢复性好,具有良好的重复性,对测试的11种VOC中的乙醇、甲醇、丙酮具有一定的选择性；相比经手工涂覆构建而成的零维CuO纳米粒子气敏传感器和一维CuO纳米线气敏传感器,在200℃时对20-500ppm乙醇蒸汽响应灵敏度最高,响应时间(4-10 s)和恢复时间(4-8s)最短；当接触到20-500ppm的CCl4蒸汽时呈现出与其他所测氯化物(1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷以及二氯甲烷)完全相反的电阻值变化规律。将不同形貌的纳米CuO材料通过相同的后期涂覆工艺与传感元件相结合,比较基于此构建而成的气敏传感器气敏响应特性的差异；通过磁控溅射技术构建的性能更加优越的一体化气敏传感器,保证了敏感膜良好的基底附着性和稳定的欧姆接触,这些研究对于CuO气敏材料适用范围的选择、利用效率的提高以及构建更加高效的传感设备都具有非常重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the increasing emphasis on environmental monitoring and personal safety in recent years, The detection of toxic and flammable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the environment has gradually become a hot topic. As a non-toxic and economical p-type semiconductor material, nanostructured CuO has a large specific surface area and a unique size effect. It has a wide range of commercial applications and shows excellent gas sensing response performance when used as a gas sensing material. In this paper, zero dimensional CuO nanowires, one dimensional CuO nanowires and two dimensional CuO nanocrystals were prepared by simple and economical aqueous solution reaction. Three nanosized CuO gas sensors with different morphologies were constructed by combining manual coating with tubular electrodes in the later stage. The gas sensing response signal was obvious, the baseline was stable, the response and recovery time was short, and the repeatability was good. The gas sensitivity of VOC nanocrystalline was higher than that of CuO nanoparticles with certain selectivity for ethanol, methanol and acetone in 9-11 kinds of VOC. The optimum operating temperature is about 300 鈩，

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