烃类水蒸气制氢技术发展

发布时间：2018-03-21 06:55

  本文选题：烃类水蒸气制氢　切入点：制氢原料　出处：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着石油资源日益短缺,石油组成明显变重,石油中的硫、氯、金属等杂质含量显著增加,相应的各种加氢工艺得到飞速发展,同时先进的制氢技术也被研究出来并得到了迅速的发展。本文就烃类水蒸气转化制氢技术的发展,从行业发展趋势、制氢原料的选择、转化反应机理、工艺路线、催化剂技术发展、余热利用和环保要求等诸多方面进行详细介绍。烃类水蒸气制氢的工业装置做的越来越大,从最初的几千立每小时制氢到现在的最大能做到230000 Nm3/h制氢;制氢原料程多样性发展,现在以煤、焦炭、石油焦等为主的固体原料,以天然气、炼厂气、石脑油等为主的烃类原料,以重油、渣油、沥青等为主的重质烃类原料,多样性的原料为制氢装置的工艺选择带来广阔的空间;预转化技术的重新应用,预转化技术可以有效的降低转化炉的体积,降低整个装置投资,可以解决大型化所带来的工程设计与施工问题;转化催化剂的研发更先进,向着适应碳空速更高、适应原料更广泛、抗积碳与中毒性能力更强的方面发展;富含氢气的炼厂气回收利用更广;工艺流程更加的优化,最大限度的利用了制氢转化炉烟气的余热,可以将空气预热到500℃再进入转化炉降低了装置的能耗;不断改进转化炉型及操作参数,表现为“三高一低”:高的出入口温度,高空速,高热流通量,低水碳比;制氢装置的控制与自保系统更加完善,实现了烃类水蒸气转化制氢装置生产的全自动控制,先进的控制系统能在线诊断、处理不正常的操作参数,也可以实现原料变化的无扰动切换。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing shortage of petroleum resources, the composition of petroleum has become heavier, the contents of sulfur, chlorine, metals and other impurities in petroleum have increased significantly, and the corresponding hydrogenation processes have been developed rapidly. At the same time, the advanced hydrogen production technology has also been studied and developed rapidly. In this paper, the development of hydrocarbon steam conversion hydrogen production technology, the development trend of the industry, the selection of hydrogen production raw materials, the conversion reaction mechanism, the process route, The development of catalyst technology, the utilization of waste heat and the requirements of environmental protection are introduced in detail. The industrial units for hydrogen production by hydrocarbon steam are becoming larger and larger, from thousands of stand per hour hydrogen production to the maximum hydrogen production capacity of 230000 Nm3/h. The process of hydrogen production has developed in a variety of ways. At present, solid raw materials such as coal, coke and petroleum coke, hydrocarbon raw materials such as natural gas, refinery gas, naphtha, and heavy hydrocarbon raw materials, such as heavy oil, residuum and asphalt, are mainly used as raw materials for hydrogen production. The diversity of raw materials brings wide space for the process selection of hydrogen production plant. With the re-application of pre-conversion technology, pre-conversion technology can effectively reduce the volume of the converter and reduce the investment of the whole plant. It can solve the problems of engineering design and construction brought about by large-scale transformation, the research and development of conversion catalyst is more advanced, and it is developed to adapt to higher carbon space velocity, wider adaptability to raw materials, stronger ability of resisting carbon deposition and toxicity. The recovery and utilization of the hydrogen rich refinery gas is more extensive, the process is more optimized, the waste heat of the flue gas of the hydrogen reformer is utilized to the maximum extent, the air can be preheated to 500 鈩，

本文编号：1642744