燃料电池发电系统研究与仿真

发布时间：2018-03-22 16:39

本文选题：燃料电池　切入点：超级电容　出处：《西南交通大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着环境污染,能源短缺等全球性问题日益突出,减少排放,发展新能源技术已经成为21世纪科技发展的重要议题。其中,燃料电池以其高能量转化效率、零排放、低噪声等优点成为众多发电、动力设备的首选装置。燃料电池是一种电化学的发电装置,该装置将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能,按电化学原理转化为电能。因为燃料电池中不存在热机过程,在其反应过程当中不会产生任何污染。所以燃料电池作为一种利用新能源的载体,在航天、电动汽车、舰船、潜艇、中小型移动电源、分布式电站中得到了广泛的应用。本论文在新加坡淡马锡理工学院清洁能源中心(Clean Energy Center, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore)与新加坡电信公司(SingTel)合作的项目——通信设备燃料电池备用电源的基础上,研究燃料电池发电系统,初步设计了一套5kW燃料电池分布式发电系统。通过在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下仿真分析,该系统能够输出可靠稳定的工频交流电压,满足负载需求。由于质子交换膜燃料电池具有启动时间长,动态响应速度慢等缺点。在发电系统中引入超级电容作为能量缓冲单元。该装置能够在燃料电池启动和负载快速变化时,快速释放或吸收能量,优化整个系统能量的分配与流动,不仅能提高整个系统输出的可靠性与稳定性,而且能够稳定燃料电池的输出,减小燃料电池质子交换膜中的扰动电流,达到保护燃料电池质子交换膜的目的。本论文在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下,根据电化学原理、电力电子学原理分别建立了燃料电池,超级电容,DC/DC变换器,DC/AC逆变器的动态模型,仿真分析了整个系统的输出特性,从理论上验证了该系统的发电可靠性。燃料电池的燃料进气量会直接影响其输出表现,为实现优化燃料电池的燃料进气量的控制,超级电容充放电电流的控制,以及逆变器逆变电压的控制等,在本课题中采用了多种控制方法相结合的方式。其中,燃料电池的控制采用了模糊控制器,优化燃料电池的输出特性,大大降低了燃料电池的动态响应时间。对超级电容充放电电流的控制,主要采用模糊控制和PI相结合的方式,超级电容充放电电流的大小由模糊控制器根据控制策略决定,而PI控制器主要用于调节超级电容双向DC/DC的输出。对于逆变器,采用PI调节的方式实现。为验证整个系统的实用性,本论文从系统设计的角度出发,设计了燃料电池控制、超级电容控制、数据显示以及能量控制管理等功能模块。以各个功能模块为单位,设计了通信设备燃料电池备用电源的硬件,经系统测试,其输出的直流电压稳定,功率可调,能够满足通信设备负载的电能供应要求。
[Abstract]:With environmental pollution, energy shortage and other global problems becoming increasingly prominent, reducing emissions, developing new energy technologies has become an important issue in the development of science and technology in the 21st century. Among them, fuel cells have high energy conversion efficiency and zero emissions. Low noise and other advantages have become the first choice for power generation and power equipment. Fuel cells are electrochemical power generation devices that convert the chemical energy stored in fuels and oxidants into electrical energy on an electrochemical basis because there is no thermal process in the fuel cells. As a carrier of new energy, fuel cells have been widely used in aerospace, electric vehicles, ships, submarines, small and medium-sized mobile power sources and distributed power stations. Based on the project of Clean Energy Center, Temasek Polytechnic Center (Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore) and SingTel, Singapore Telecom, this paper studies fuel cell generation system based on fuel cell reserve power supply for communication equipment. A 5kW fuel cell distributed power generation system is designed preliminarily. By simulation and analysis under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, the system can output reliable and stable power frequency AC voltage and meet the load requirements. Because the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has the disadvantages of long start-up time and slow dynamic response, the super capacitor is introduced as the energy buffer unit in the power generation system. The device can be used when the fuel cell starts up and the load changes rapidly. Rapidly releasing or absorbing energy and optimizing the energy distribution and flow of the whole system can not only improve the reliability and stability of the output of the whole system, but also stabilize the output of the fuel cell and reduce the disturbance current in the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell. In this paper, the dynamic models of fuel cell, super capacitor DC / DC converter and DC / AC inverter are established in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, according to electrochemical principle and power electronics principle. The output characteristics of the whole system are simulated and analyzed, and the reliability of the system is verified theoretically. The fuel intake of fuel cell will directly affect its output performance. In order to optimize the fuel intake control of fuel cell, the control of supercapacitor charge / discharge current and inverter voltage, etc. In this paper, a variety of control methods are adopted. Among them, the fuzzy controller is used to control the fuel cell, and the output characteristics of the fuel cell are optimized. The dynamic response time of the fuel cell is greatly reduced. In the control of the charge / discharge current of super capacitor, the combination of fuzzy control and Pi is mainly used. The magnitude of the charge / discharge current of super capacitor is determined by the fuzzy controller according to the control strategy. Pi controller is mainly used to adjust the output of super capacitor bidirectional DC/DC. In order to verify the practicability of the whole system, this paper designs the function modules of fuel cell control, super capacitor control, data display and energy control management from the point of view of system design. The hardware of the backup power supply for fuel cell of communication equipment is designed. The system tests show that the output DC voltage is stable and the power is adjustable, which can meet the demand of power supply of the communication equipment load.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TM911.4

【引证文献】