钒氧化物价态调变及能量转换与储能性质研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 05:04

  本文选题：(VO2)　切入点：(V2O3)　出处：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于温室气体环境效应、能源安全以及不断增长的以矿物燃料为基础的能源价格等问题受到了人类的广泛关注,可再生能源的开发利用与能量储存再度引领了科学研究的方向。钒氧化物催化剂因其中心元素钒价态变化过程中产生的能量转化效应使得其具有很多特殊的性质,因而激发了人们的研究兴趣。但是钒的特殊价态化合物在空气中不易稳定存在使得对他的研究充满困难,因此,我们尝试合成稳定的低价态钒氧化物并引入杂离子来改善其性能,并且对其能量转换性能进行深入研究。本论文的主要研究内容如下:1.利用三聚氰胺还原商用五氧化二钒粉末的方法制备了二氧化钒纳米线。以三聚氰胺和商用五氧化二钒粉体为原料,在水溶液中搅拌络合后得到前驱体,经过氮气保护下的煅烧,使五价的钒离子被还原气氛还原。我们所制备的二氧化钒纳米线具有结晶度高,化学性质稳定的特点,并能在不负载贵金属助催化剂的条件下进行紫外光照射下裂解水制氢反应,显示出较好的性能。2.采用简单溶剂热的方法合成了具有一维结构的钒酸钙。以醋酸钙和偏钒酸铵分别为钙源和钒源,用乙二醇作为溶剂和还原剂,对溶剂热产物进行氮气保护条件下的煅烧,最终得到钒酸钙纳米棒。该材料负载了5 wt%助催化剂RuO2后,在紫外光照射下可以裂解纯水生成氧气,具有较好的性能。3.采用溶剂热方法合成了具有海胆状结构的钒酸镁微球。以醋酸镁和偏钒酸铵的乙二醇溶液作为原料,在溶剂热的过程中发挥乙二醇的还原性和结构导向作用,将+5价的钒离子还原成较低价态,并形成了海胆状形貌。经过氮气保护下的煅烧,该形貌得以保持。该材料表现出了较好的锂离子电池负极性能。4.采用溶剂热方法合成出具有核壳结构的三氧化二钒微球。以偏钒酸铵和乙二醇为原料,在溶剂热过程中发挥了乙二醇的还原性和结构导向作用。该材料作为锂离子电池负极材料表现出了优良的电化学稳定性,也体现出了较好的电化学容量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to environmental effects of greenhouse gases, energy security and growing based on fossil fuel energy prices have attracted considerable attention of mankind, the development and utilization of renewable energy and energy storage once again leading the direction of scientific research. The energy conversion effect of vanadium oxide catalyst for change of vanadium valence in the center element in that it has many special properties, which aroused people's interest in the study. But the special valence of vanadium compounds in the air is not easy to make stable full of difficulties in his studies, therefore, we try to synthesize vanadium stable and the introduction of impurity ion to improve its performance, and its energy conversion the performance was studied. The main research contents of this thesis are as follows: the method for reduction of commercial five of two vanadium powder was prepared by using melamine 1. two Vanadium oxide nanowires with melamine and commercial. Five of two vanadium powder as raw material, mixing complex in aqueous solution is obtained after the precursor and calcined under the protection of nitrogen, which is pentavalent vanadium ion reducing atmosphere. Two reduction of vanadium oxide nanowires prepared by us has a high degree of crystallinity, chemical properties stable, and can not supported noble metal catalyst under the condition of water splitting reaction under UV irradiation, showing good performance of.2. calcium vanadate has one-dimensional structure were synthesized by solvothermal method is simple. Using calcium acetate and ammonium metavanadate respectively as calcium source and vanadium source, with ethylene glycol as solvent and reducing agent, calcining the protection of nitrogen under the conditions of hydrothermal products obtained calcium vanadate nanorods. The material load of 5 wt% catalyst RuO2, can generate oxygen gas in the pyrolysis of pure water under UV light out Have a good performance of.3. with sea urchin like structure of magnesium vanadate microspheres were synthesized by solvothermal method. The ethylene glycol magnesium acetate and ammonium metavanadate as raw material, use reduction and structure directing effect of ethylene glycol in the solvothermal process, the vanadium ion +5 price reduction to lower states. And the formation of urchin like morphology. After calcination under nitrogen protection, the morphology is maintained. The material shows a good performance of.4. anode for lithium ion batteries by solvent thermal method to synthesize three oxide core-shell microspheres. With two vanadium and acetic ammonium metavanadate two alcohol as raw materials, reduction of play and the structure directing role of ethylene glycol in the solvothermal process. The material as anode materials for lithium ion batteries exhibit excellent electrochemical stability, but also reflects the good electrochemical capacity.

【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ135.11
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本文编号：1656806