功能安全分析中安全完整性等级确定方法优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 18:40

  本文选题：功能安全　切入点：安全完整性等级　出处：《沈阳航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业文明的飞速发展,工业技术的快速进步,人类社会对安全的重视程度越来越高。功能安全技术起到保障人身、财产、环境安全的重要作用,但其标准中对目标安全完整性等级确定有关分析方法运用的合理性、有效性等方面仍存在一些值得探讨的问题。因此,以功能安全标准为背景,建立科学的方法选取原则,考虑共因失效对受控设备风险分析的影响,对科学确定目标安全完整性等级具有十分重要的实用价值和借鉴意义。针对分析方法的科学选用这一问题,本文在功能安全标准的理论基础上,对常用的风险图法等6种分析方法的适用性以及受控设备的安全特征等进行全面深入分析,提出基于特征的受控设备与分析方法的科学匹配,并通过质量屋矩阵表达形式,运用事例推理技术将分析方法与受控设备特征之间的相关强度清晰地表达出来,建立两者的匹配模式。同样对于受控设备与安全相关系统之间可能存在共因失效这一问题,本文在5M影响因素定性筛选的基础上,针对可能出现的某一特定事故进行故障树分析,并对事故树进行割集运算,确定导致两单独系统可能出现同时失效的共同原因事件,运用基于故障树的系统可靠性计算方法,计算共因失效对目标SIL确定的影响。最后,分别以煤加压气化装置和大型内浮顶油罐为例,对文中的方法匹配原则和共因失效影响程度进行实例分析,验证了本论文研究可应用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrial civilization and the rapid progress of industrial technology, human society pays more and more attention to safety.Functional safety technology plays an important role in safeguarding the safety of person, property and environment. However, there are still some problems in its standard, such as the rationality and validity of the analysis method used in determining the level of safety integrity of the target.Therefore, taking the functional safety standard as the background, establishing the principle of scientific method selection and considering the influence of common cause failure on the risk analysis of controlled equipment, it has very important practical value and reference significance to scientifically determine the safety integrity grade of the target.Aiming at the problem of scientific selection of analytical methods, based on the theory of functional safety standard, this paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the applicability of six commonly used risk chart methods and the safety characteristics of controlled equipment.The scientific matching between controlled equipment and analysis method based on feature is put forward, and the correlation strength between analysis method and controlled equipment feature is clearly expressed by means of matrix representation of quality room and case reasoning technology.The matching pattern between the two is established.For the problem that there may be common cause failure between controlled equipment and safety related systems, this paper, based on qualitative screening of 5M influencing factors, makes fault tree analysis for a particular accident that may occur.The common cause events which may lead to the simultaneous failure of two separate systems are determined by means of cutting set operation of the accident tree. The system reliability calculation method based on fault tree is used to calculate the effect of common cause failure on the determination of target SIL.Finally, taking the coal pressurized gasification unit and the large floating roof oil tank as examples, the method matching principle and the degree of common cause failure are analyzed, and the applicability of this paper is verified.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ545;TQ086;TE88

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