节能型烧结保温空心砌块制备技术与孔型优化设计

发布时间：2018-04-09 19:16

  本文选题：烧结页岩保温空心砌块　切入点：污泥　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的飞速发展,能源消耗急剧增加,能源危机越来越严重。全国总能耗主要包括建筑能耗、交通能耗和工业能耗,其中的建筑能耗占全国总能耗的33%,因此节约建筑能耗迫在眉睫。建筑物主要通过围护结构与外界进行能量交换,而外墙占围护结构能耗的50%左右。由此可知,节约建筑能耗可以从研究外墙组成结构—烧结保温空心砌块入手,降低烧结保温空心砌块的导热性能,从而提高墙体保温隔热能力具有重大实践指导意义。本文系统研究了烧结页岩保温空心砌块的性能,通过掺入的污泥在试样高温焙烧阶段氧化燃烧释放气体,形成大量的微孔,以此改善砌块的保温隔热性能。同时,利用ANSYS有限元软件优化设计页岩空心砌块的孔型,设计出符合建筑节能要求的孔型结构,为生产实践提供有效的理论指导。论文首先测试分析了页岩和污泥原料的基本性能,结果表明:页岩属于液相烧结,最佳烧成温度为950℃;污泥的硅铝含量较低,必须配合高硅铝含量的页岩才能制备烧结墙体材料。其次,在页岩中掺入不同比例不同含水率的污泥,结果表明:造孔剂为2#污泥的试样综合性能为最佳。然后研究不同烧成温度、不同2#污泥掺量下,试样的收缩率、体积密度、显气孔率、抗压强度等性能,结果表明:烧成温度一定时,随着污泥掺量的增加,烧结试样的显气孔率呈上升趋势,体积密度和抗压强度呈下降趋势;污泥掺量一定时,随着烧成温度的增加,烧结试样的显气孔率逐渐降低,体积密度和抗压强度逐渐提高;当2#污泥掺量为20%,烧成温度为1040℃时,试样的抗压强度为10.45MPa,导热系数为0.3263W/(m·k),比纯页岩试样的导热系数降低了27.68%。最后对污泥和烧结试样的放射性进行测试,结果表明两者的内照射指数和外照射指数均≤1.0,符合标准要求。ANSYS热力学有限元模拟分析研究得出:在保证砌块力学性能的前提下,沿热流传递方向,增大孔洞长宽比,增加孔排数、减小孔列数,提高孔洞率,增加孔肋延长线系数,减小孔洞间距均可以改善砌块的保温隔热性能;自行设计的六种孔型优化结构中,模型D完全符合国家标准GB13544-2011《烧结多孔砖和多孔砌块》中孔型孔结构及孔洞率的相关要求,给生产实践带来便利的同时,理论上抗压强度较好;模型D导热系数为0.1508 W/(m·K),与最佳掺量最佳烧成温度下的砌块导热系数0.3263 W/(m·K)相比,降低了53.78%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, energy consumption increases rapidly and the energy crisis becomes more and more serious.The total energy consumption in China mainly includes building energy consumption, transportation energy consumption and industrial energy consumption, among which the building energy consumption accounts for 33 percent of the total energy consumption, so it is urgent to save the building energy consumption.The building mainly exchanges energy with the outside world through the enclosure structure, and the external wall accounts for about 50% of the energy consumption of the enclosure structure.From this, it can be concluded that the energy saving of building can start with the study of the composition of the external wall-sintered insulating hollow block, and reduce the thermal conductivity of the sintered hollow block, thus improving the thermal insulation ability of the wall has great practical significance.In this paper, the properties of sintered shale thermal insulation hollow block are studied systematically. A large number of micropores are formed by oxidizing combustion and releasing gas at the stage of high temperature calcination of the sample, so as to improve the thermal insulation performance of the block.At the same time, the ANSYS finite element software is used to optimize the pore design of shale hollow block, and to design the pass structure which meets the requirements of building energy saving, which provides effective theoretical guidance for production practice.At first, the basic properties of shale and sludge raw materials were tested and analyzed. The results show that shale is sintered in liquid phase, the optimum sintering temperature is 950 鈩，

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