电石生产节能降耗控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 00:33

本文选题：电石 + 密闭炉　；参考：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：十八大召开以来,国家出台一系列关于企业结构调整、转型升级、行业准入条件及电石产品能耗限额等相关产业政策和新标准,随着新《环保法》(2014修订)的实施,电石行业节能降耗、环境保护工作已成为决定电石企业生死存亡的重要工作。我国电石工业属于结构性产能过剩的产业,受下游聚氯乙烯市场持续低迷的影响及表观消费量限制,2014年我国拥有4183万吨电石产能,开工率仅为62%,而电石生产的能耗居高不下,一直是困扰电石工业发展的一道难题。本文以电石节能降耗的影响因素为研究对象,全面系统的介绍了电石行业发展现状及节能技术,对电石生产理论及能耗影响因素的进行了细致的分析；结合生产实际,紧紧围绕改善电石生产原材料质量、先进的节能技术装备、生产操作控制的有效经验、固废综合利用等方面多项降低能耗的有效措施来进行总结分析,最终通过能耗核算和效果评估,取得了较好节能降耗效益,主要研究成果是：1.通过对电石生产理论、能耗影响因素分析总结出降低能耗应从改善焦炭、兰炭、石灰、电极糊等原辅料质量、降低粉末产生量、炉气综合利用、使用节能技术及大型装备以及保障电石炉平稳运行等方面采取措施,才能降低电石生产电耗、物耗及综合能耗。2.通过有效实施各项节能措施取得了较好的节能效益,测算如下：(1)采用麦尔兹双膛窑技术降低了石灰生过烧,综合利用的电石炉产生的CO尾气,年节约标准煤为142560tec。(2)对石灰石上料筛网改造,筛分站石灰、焦炭筛网改造,年降低石灰废料5.1万吨,石灰粉8760吨,焦炭粉末6570吨,直接降低综合能耗6382tec,产生经济效益950万元。(3)通过实施新增1台立式烘干窑1.104万吨,新建5台三筒烘干窑以及对电石碳材上料系统进行了改造等节能项目,降低了碳材破损率,节约焦炭64458吨,降低综合能耗62615tec.(4)结合实际生产经验,通过采取对PLC自控技术的改造,摸索了加强电石炉电极管理经验,改善炉体密封效果,保障了电石炉长周期满负荷平稳运行,为生产节能降耗奠定了坚实的基础。(5)通过对电石炉净化灰集中收集并回收利用,对碳材输送及筛分系统的除尘灰、筛余物固体废料进行回收利用以及对现有单筒烘干窑改造等固废回收利用项目的实施,年降低电石生产综合能耗152469tce。3.本文结合生产实际对电石生产未来节能降耗工作提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:Since the 18th National Congress, the state has issued a series of related industrial policies and new standards on enterprise restructuring, transformation and upgrading, industry access conditions and energy consumption limits for calcium carbide products, with the implementation of the new "Environmental Protection Law" revised in 2014.Energy saving and consumption reduction in calcium carbide industry, environmental protection has become an important work to determine the survival of calcium carbide enterprises.The calcium carbide industry in our country belongs to the industry with structural overcapacity. Under the influence of the continuous downturn of the downstream PVC market and the limitation of apparent consumption, China has 41.83 million tons of calcium carbide production capacity in 2014, and the operating rate is only 622%, while the energy consumption of calcium carbide production is high.Calcium carbide industry has been plagued by the development of a difficult problem.Taking the influencing factors of calcium carbide energy saving and consumption reduction as the research object, this paper comprehensively and systematically introduces the development status and energy saving technology of calcium carbide industry, analyzes the theory of calcium carbide production and the influencing factors of energy consumption in detail, and combines the production practice,Closely focusing on improving the quality of raw materials for calcium carbide production, advanced energy-saving technology and equipment, effective experience in production operation control, comprehensive utilization of solid waste and other effective measures to reduce energy consumption are summarized and analyzed.Finally, through energy consumption accounting and effect evaluation, better energy saving and consumption reduction benefits have been achieved, the main research results are: 1. 1.Through the analysis of the theory of calcium carbide production and the factors affecting energy consumption, it is concluded that the reduction of energy consumption should include improving the quality of raw materials such as coke, blue charcoal, lime and electrode paste, reducing powder production and comprehensive utilization of furnace gas.Only by using energy saving technology, large equipment and ensuring the smooth operation of calcium carbide furnace, can we reduce the electricity consumption, material consumption and comprehensive energy consumption of calcium carbide production.Through the effective implementation of various energy-saving measures, a better energy-saving benefit has been obtained. The following is calculated as follows: 1) the use of the Melz double-hearth kiln technology has reduced the CO tail gas produced by lime overburning and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbide furnaces.The standard coal saved per year is 142560tec.f2) the lime and coke screen in the screening station are reformed, the waste of lime is reduced by 51000 tons per year, the powder of lime is 8760 tons, and the powder of coke is 6570 tons.Direct reduction of comprehensive energy consumption 6382tec, economic benefit of 9.5 million yuan, 11040 tons of new vertical drying kilns, 5 new three-barrel drying kilns, and renovation of calcium carbide carbon feeding system have reduced the damage rate of carbon materials.Saving 64458 tons of coke and reducing comprehensive energy consumption (62615tec.f4) combined with practical production experience, through the reform of PLC automatic control technology, the experience of strengthening electrode management of calcium carbide furnace and improving the sealing effect of furnace body are explored.It ensures the steady operation of calcium carbide furnace with long period full load, and lays a solid foundation for production, energy saving and consumption reduction. Through the centralized collection and recycling of purifying ash from calcium carbide furnace, it can remove dust and dust from carbon conveying and screening system.In order to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of calcium carbide production 152469tce.3.This paper puts forward some suggestions for the future energy saving and consumption reduction of calcium carbide production.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ161

【参考文献】