碲的真空蒸馏—区域熔炼提纯的研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 16:44

  本文选题：高纯碲 + 真空蒸馏　； 参考：《辽宁工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：碲是现代高科技工业、国防及尖端技术领域等所需高新材料的支撑材料，被称为“现代工业、国防与尖端技术的维生素”。碲的纯度是直接影响其应用的重要因素。制备高纯碲的方法有化学提纯和物理提纯两种。化学提纯法由于容器与原料碲中杂质的污染，使得到的碲纯度受到一定的限制，只有用化学方法将碲提纯到一定纯度之后，再用物理方法提纯，才能将金属材料碲的纯度提到一个新的高度。 本文设计并组装了塔式真空蒸馏碲提纯炉和真空管式碲区域熔炼提纯炉，进行了碲的真空蒸馏-区域熔炼提纯的实验研究。本文主要研究了碲的真空蒸馏提纯工艺和区域熔炼提纯工艺及相关的影响因素对碲纯度的影响。 研究表明，碲及其中杂质元素的饱和蒸汽压随着温度的升高而增大；当蒸馏温度为550℃时，由于饱和蒸汽压远低于Te的饱和蒸汽压，故Cu、Al、Fe、Si、Pb、Bi会较多的残留在液相中；Mg的饱和蒸汽压略低于Te的饱和蒸汽压，因此会有较多的Mg挥发进入气相；Na、As、Se的饱和蒸汽压比碲的饱和蒸汽压高，则易于挥发进入气相。感应线圈输出功率和熔区移动速度是影响熔区宽度的两个主要因素，当熔区移动速度一定时，随着感应线圈输出功率的增加，，熔区宽度变大；当线圈输出功率一定时，熔区移动速度越慢，熔区宽度越大。 将蒸馏提纯后的碲用本文设计的真空管式碲区熔提纯炉提纯，并采用合适的区熔工艺，可将纯度为近4N的碲提纯到近6N。杂质元素Cu、Si的含量均减少了3个数量级，Pb、Al、Fe、Na、Se、Mg的含量均减少了2个数量级，Bi、As的含量均减少了1个数量级。 本文设计的塔式真空蒸馏碲提纯炉和真空管式碲区域熔炼提纯炉，研究的蒸馏-区域熔炼碲提纯工艺对于高纯碲的工业生产有一定的参考作用。
[Abstract]:Tellurium is the support material of high-tech industry, national defense and advanced technology. It is called "vitamin of modern industry, national defense and cutting-edge technology". The purity of tellurium is an important factor directly affecting its application. There are two methods for preparing high purity tellurium: chemical purification and physical purification. Due to the contamination of impurities in tellurium in containers and raw materials, the purity of tellurium obtained by chemical purification method is limited to a certain extent. Only after the tellurium is purified to a certain purity by chemical method, the purity of tellurium can be purified by physical method. The purity of the metallic material tellurium can be raised to a new level. In this paper, the tower vacuum distillation tellurium purification furnace and the vacuum tube type tellurium regional melting refining furnace were designed and assembled. The vacuum distillation and regional melting purification of tellurium were studied experimentally. In this paper, the vacuum distillation and purification process of tellurium and the influence factors on the purity of tellurium are studied. The results show that the saturated vapor pressure of tellurium and its impurity elements increases with the increase of temperature, and when the distillation temperature is 550 鈩

本文编号：1802145