膜集成技术在工业废水资源化利用中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-02 10:00

本文选题：超滤 + 纳滤　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院(过程工程研究所)》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着世界范围内的水污染以及淡水资源匮乏等问题日益严重,工业废水的回用已经成为控制水污染以及补充淡水资源的重要手段。膜技术由于其优越的性能在工业废水处理方面应用广泛,但相对较高的投资和使用成本以及膜浓缩液的处理是目前亟待解决的关键问题。废水资源化利用为降低废水处理成本,解决膜浓缩液排放问题提供了新的途径。然而,关于膜技术应用于实际工业废水处理过程并实现废水资源化综合利用的报道较少。本文以低浓度全氟辛酸表面活性剂废水和大豆浸豆废水两种工业废水为研究对象,采用膜集成技术实现废水资源化利用,深入研究膜过程参数对废水处理效果的影响规律。开展了膜法废水处理中试实验研究,并对全氟辛酸表面活性剂膜回收系统进行设计和优化,最终实现了工业化应用。本文首先以全氟辛酸模拟液为研究对象,评测了两种商品化纳滤膜对全氟辛酸的截留效果,采用NF90纳滤膜重点研究了全氟辛酸浓度、搅拌速度、pH值、温度、膜通量对膜分离性能的影响。通过优化纳滤膜操作条件,可实现模拟废水中全氟辛酸的高倍浓缩,为工业实际废水中全氟辛酸的回收提供了基础数据。采用静态吸附实验研究了全氟辛酸在膜表面的吸附行为,通过测定吸附前后接触角数据分析全氟辛酸在膜表面的吸附机理。采用浓差极化模型预测过滤过程中全氟辛酸的膜面浓度,分析浓差极化对膜表面全氟辛酸胶束形成的影响机理,并采用渗透压模型解析跨膜阻力的主要组成。将膜集成技术应用于处理含氟聚合物合成过程中产生的低浓度全氟辛酸废水,采用中试膜设备验证了从废水中回收全氟辛酸的可行性,并对膜透过液重复利用工艺进行了研究。对工业化全氟辛酸的膜集成回收装置进行设计并实现了工业化生产,评估了其经济及环保价值。以大豆加工过程中产生的浸豆废水为研究对象,采用超滤-反渗透集成技术对其废水资源化综合利用进行了考察,对膜处理工艺进行了优化,分析了反渗透透过液中的主要成分及其对大豆浸泡过程的影响,考查了水回用次数对其浸豆效果的影响,完成了浸豆废水处理现场中试实验。
[Abstract]:With the worldwide water pollution and the shortage of freshwater resources, the reuse of industrial wastewater has become an important means to control water pollution and replenish fresh water resources. Membrane technology is widely used in industrial wastewater treatment due to its superior performance, but the relatively high investment and use cost and membrane concentrate treatment are the key problems to be solved. The reuse of wastewater provides a new way to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment and solve the problem of membrane concentrate discharge. However, there are few reports about the application of membrane technology in the industrial wastewater treatment process and the comprehensive utilization of wastewater resources. In this paper, the low concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid surfactant wastewater and soybean soya soya soya wastewater were used as the research objects. The membrane integration technology was used to realize the reuse of wastewater, and the effect of membrane process parameters on the wastewater treatment efficiency was studied in depth. The pilot-scale experiment of membrane wastewater treatment was carried out, and the membrane recovery system of perfluorooctanoic acid surfactant was designed and optimized. Finally, the industrial application was realized. In this paper, the retention effect of two commercial nanofiltration membranes on perfluorooctanoic acid was evaluated. The concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid, stirring speed, pH value and temperature were studied by NF90 nanofiltration membrane. Effect of membrane flux on membrane separation performance. By optimizing the operating conditions of nanofiltration membrane, the high concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid in simulated wastewater can be realized, which provides basic data for the recovery of perfluorooctanoic acid from industrial wastewater. The adsorption behavior of perfluorooctanoic acid on the membrane surface was studied by static adsorption experiment. The adsorption mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid on the membrane surface was analyzed by measuring the contact angle data before and after adsorption. The concentration polarization model was used to predict the surface concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid in the filtration process. The influence mechanism of concentration polarization on the formation of perfluorooctanoic acid micelles on the membrane surface was analyzed, and the main components of the transmembrane resistance were analyzed by osmotic pressure model. The membrane integration technology was applied to the treatment of low concentration perfluorooctanoic acid wastewater produced during the synthesis of fluorinated polymers. The feasibility of recovering perfluorooctanoic acid from the wastewater was verified by a pilot scale membrane equipment, and the reuse process of membrane permeation liquid was studied. The membrane integrated recovery device of industrial perfluorooctanoic acid was designed and industrialized production was realized, and its economic and environmental protection value was evaluated. The comprehensive utilization of soya bean wastewater from soybean processing process was investigated by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) technology, and the membrane treatment process was optimized. The main components of reverse osmosis permeation liquid and its influence on soaking process of soybean were analyzed. The effect of water reuse times on soaking effect of soybean was investigated, and the field pilot experiment of soaking soybean wastewater treatment was completed.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(过程工程研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ028.8;X703

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