糖蜜基碳材料的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 16:58

本文选题：甜菜糖蜜 + 制备　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地球上存在着可再生资源和不可再生资源，这些能源资源可以被储存。例如煤炭、天然沥青、油页岩、原油、天然气和超重油等不可再生资源；太阳能、生物能、风能和潮汐能等可再生资源。随着全球工业的快速发展，大量的化石资源不断被消耗，导致资源短缺，二氧化碳、二氧化硫等有害气体的排放严重的污染了环境。因而我们正在寻找新的可合理利用的能源来代替不可再生资源。生物质是一种可再生资源，而且是可再生资源中的碳源，例如农业、林业及生活废弃物等，可以作为制备碳质材料的原料。生物质作为可再生资源，经过加工处理转化为固态、液态以及气态燃料，从而代替煤炭、天然气等化石资源，利用其制备一系列的燃料以及化工产品。基于以上背景，本论文以生物质中的甜菜糖蜜为原料，通过水热合成法制备碳材料，并对其性能进行研究： 1.以甜菜糖蜜为原料，采用水热合成法合成了糖蜜基水热炭球，探讨了温度、时间、糖蜜浓度对水热炭产率的影响。通过对产品进行的EDX及元素分析，经过水热碳化，减少了原糖蜜中含有的Na、Mg、Al、S、Cl、Ca等元素的含量，而C含量升高。发现通过SEM、XRD和FTIR的分析发现，糖蜜基水热炭是粒子尺寸较大、类球形的水热炭球，而且有一定的石墨化趋势，并且表面带有大量的有机官能团（O-H、C-H、C=O和C=C）。 2.以上述实验制备得到的糖蜜基水热炭为原料，KOH为活化剂，合成了高比表面积、类球形的多孔炭。探讨了活化温度、活化时间、活化比例对多孔炭产率的影响，以及这些活化条件对多孔炭微观结构、表面性能的影响。糖蜜基多孔炭具有良好的电容性能，讨论了活化条件对多孔炭比电容的影响，糖蜜基多孔炭的最大比电容值为170.5F g-1。 3.以糖蜜基水热炭为原料，H3PO4为活化剂，合成了高产率、块状、非晶态无定型结构的多孔炭。进而探讨了活化温度、活化时间以及浸渍比对糖蜜基多孔炭产率的影响，并对其微观结构、表面性能进行了表征。也对不同条件下的多孔炭进行了电化学性质的测试，磷酸活化法制备得到的糖蜜基多孔炭的最大比电容值为137.0F g-1。本论文以甜菜糖蜜为原料制备了水热炭，探讨了水热炭的产率，并通过物理以及化学表征手段对水热炭的结构和形貌进行了表征。继而以糖蜜基水热炭为原料制备了糖蜜基多孔碳材料，探讨了多孔炭的产率，对多孔炭进行了表征，并对多孔炭进行了电化学测试，发现其具有良好的电化学性质。甜菜糖蜜经过化学处理后，，提高了其本身的性能，可以创造出巨大的经济价值，同时也减少了环境的污染。
[Abstract]:There are renewable and non-renewable resources on earth, which can be stored. Examples include non-renewable resources such as coal, natural asphalt, oil shale, crude oil, natural gas and overweight oil; renewable resources such as solar, biomass, wind and tidal energy. With the rapid development of global industry, a large number of fossil resources are constantly consumed, resulting in a shortage of resources, emissions of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide have seriously polluted the environment. So we are looking for new sources of energy that can be used reasonably to replace non-renewable resources. Biomass is a renewable resource, and it is a carbon source in renewable resources, such as agriculture, forestry and domestic waste, which can be used as raw materials for the preparation of carbon materials. Biomass, as a renewable resource, is converted into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels after processing, which replaces fossil resources such as coal and natural gas, and uses them to prepare a series of fuels and chemical products. Based on the above background, the carbon material was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from beet molasses in biomass and its properties were studied. 1. The hydrothermic carbon spheres based on molasses were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis from beet molasses. The effects of temperature, time and molasses concentration on the yield of hydrothermal carbon were discussed. Through EDX and elemental analysis of the product, the content of Na _ 2O _ mg _ (AlN) _ (C) in molasses was reduced by hydrothermal carbonization, while the content of C was increased. It is found that molasses based hydrothermal carbon is a large size spherical hydrothermic carbon sphere with a certain graphitization trend and a large number of organic functional groups such as O-HNC-HNCZO and CZC ~ (2 +) on the surface of molasses by means of FTIR and XRD. The results show that the hydrothermic carbon based on molasses is large in size, spherical in size, and has a tendency of graphitization. 2. Porous carbon with high specific surface area and spherical shape was synthesized by using molasses based hydrothermal carbon as raw material and Koh as activator. The effects of activation temperature, activation time, activation ratio on the yield of porous carbon and the effects of these activation conditions on the microstructure and surface properties of porous carbon were discussed. The effect of activation conditions on the specific capacitance of molasses based porous carbon was discussed. The maximum specific capacitance of molasses based porous carbon was 170.5 F g -1. 3. Porous carbon with high yield, block shape and amorphous structure was synthesized with molasses based hydrothermal carbon as raw material and H _ 3PO _ 4 as activator. The effects of activation temperature, activation time and impregnation ratio on the yield of molasses based porous carbon were discussed, and the microstructure and surface properties were characterized. The electrochemical properties of porous carbon were also tested under different conditions. The maximum specific capacitance of molasses based porous carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation method was 137.0 F g -1. In this paper, hydrothermal carbon was prepared from beet molasses. The yield of hydrothermal carbon was discussed. The structure and morphology of hydrothermal carbon were characterized by physical and chemical methods. Then, molasses based porous carbon materials were prepared from molasses based hydrothermal carbon. The yield of porous carbon was discussed, and the porous carbon was characterized. The electrochemical test of porous carbon showed that the porous carbon had good electrochemical properties. After chemical treatment, beet molasses can improve its own performance, create great economic value and reduce environmental pollution.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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