利用静电纺丝制备自修复性油水分离薄膜及其功能调控

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:29

本文选题：静电纺丝 + 自修复性　；参考：《齐鲁工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：油类污染物对人类健康、水环境以及生态环境平衡造成了很大的危害,急需解决该污染物的影响。聚氨酯现在已经作为一种独特的且工业化生产的聚合物,由于其良好的可控和可塑性能,现已被大量应用于不同领域。本论文分别设计合成了线形聚氨酯和超支化聚氨酯材料,并结合静电纺丝技术制备了聚氨酯薄膜,研究了该薄膜在油水分离方面的自修复性和可调控性。本论文首先介绍了一种具有自修复性能的聚氨酯油水分离薄膜。首先合成接枝有全氟辛基侧链的线形N-取代聚氨酯,其接枝率为59.32%。利用静电纺丝技术制备了具有不同厚度的聚氨酯薄膜,该薄膜具有超疏水性和自清洁性能,当与烷基链接枝的N-取代聚氨酯以不同比例混合制备成薄膜时,该薄膜可分离油水混合物,其油水分离效率达到99%,当薄膜遭受物理或化学破坏后,由于氟链的迁移,实现了薄膜自修复性能,修复后的薄膜在20次破坏修复循环之后,其分离效率仍高达98%以上。论文的另一个研究内容是基于油水分离薄膜针对外界刺激改变其原有的疏水性能,制备了具有刺激响应性能的油水分离薄膜。以超支化聚氨酯和全氟碘辛烷修饰的二氧化硅纳米粒子为原料,利用静电纺丝制备的薄膜可分离油包水型乳液,分离后粒径范围在40-70nm;当利用氧等离子体处理后,该薄膜表面性质转变为亲水/水下疏油性,可分离水包油乳液,分离后的粒径范围在30-60nm。
[Abstract]:Oil pollutants have caused great harm to human health, water environment and ecological environmental balance. Polyurethane has been widely used in various fields because of its good controllable and plastic properties as a unique and industrialized polymer. In this paper, linear and hyperbranched polyurethane materials were designed and synthesized, and polyurethane films were prepared by electrostatic spinning. The self-repair and controllability of the films in oil-water separation were studied. In this paper, a self-repairing polyurethane oil-water separation film was first introduced. The linear N-substituted polyurethane grafted with perfluorooctyl side chain was synthesized and the grafting rate was 59.32. Polyurethane thin films with different thickness were prepared by electrospinning technique. The films have super hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties. When the film is physically or chemically destroyed, the self-repairing property of the film is realized due to the migration of fluorine chain. After 20 repair cycles, the repaired film can be separated from the oil-water mixture. The separation efficiency is still over 98%. Another research content of this paper is to prepare oil-water separation thin films with stimulative response based on the hydrophobicity of oil / water separation thin films for changing their original hydrophobic properties to external stimuli. Using hyperbranched polyurethane and perfluoroiodooctane modified silica nanoparticles as raw materials, the film prepared by electrostatic spinning can separate oil-in-water emulsion with a particle size range of 40-70 nm. The surface property of the film is changed into hydrophilic / hydrophobic, and the oil-in-water emulsion can be separated. The particle size of the film after separation is in the range of 30-60 nm.
【学位授予单位】：齐鲁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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