氧化石墨烯的环境行为和毒性效应研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-12 03:26

本文选题：氧化石墨烯 + 环境行为　；参考：《生态环境学报》2017年12期

【摘要】：由于具有优异的光学、力学、电学特性,氧化石墨烯纳米材料被广泛应用于传感、航空航天、新能源、疾病诊断等方面。随着氧化石墨烯的大量生产和广泛应用,其对环境的健康风险也日益引起关注。阐明氧化石墨烯的潜在毒性效应及其作用机制,对于科学客观评价其对人体和生态环境健康风险具有十分重要的意义。文章在总结了纳米氧化石墨烯在不同环境介质中的迁移、转化行为基础上、系统综述了氧化石墨烯对水生生物、陆生植物、大鼠以及微生物的毒害效应并探讨了氧化石墨烯生物毒害效应的可能机制。研究发现,氧化石墨烯在环境介质中主要形成稳定胶体且具有难以降解和易于多介质间迁移等特点;同时,氧化石墨烯还可以进入藻类、鱼类、植物、大鼠以及微生物细胞内并引起氧化应激反应导致炎症发生、多种细胞器损伤和组织器官形态异常。此外,研究还发现纳米氧化石墨烯还会导致DNA氧化损伤和DNA断裂等遗传毒性和诱导生殖毒性相关的小RNA异常表达。因此,对不同环境介质中纳米氧化石墨烯的环境行为和毒性效应进行深入研究具有十分重要的意义。今后可在纳米氧化石墨烯的暴露定量分析,纳米氧化石墨烯与生物大分子间的交互作用及长期低剂量下纳米氧化石墨烯的毒性效应3个方面加强研究。文章可为进一步阐明氧化石墨烯的健康风险提供理论参考。
[Abstract]:Because of its excellent optical, mechanical and electrical properties, graphene oxide nanomaterials are widely used in sensing, aerospace, new energy, disease diagnosis and so on. With the extensive production and wide application of graphene oxide, its health risks to the environment have attracted more and more attention. It is of great significance to clarify the potential toxic effect of graphene oxide and its mechanism for scientific and objective evaluation of the health risks to human body and ecological environment. On the basis of summing up the migration and transformation behavior of graphene oxide in different environmental media, the effects of graphene oxide on aquatic organisms and terrestrial plants were systematically reviewed. The toxic effects of rats and microbes and the possible mechanism of biological toxicity of graphene oxide were discussed. It has been found that graphene oxide forms stable colloids in environmental media and is difficult to degrade and easy to migrate between different media. At the same time, graphene oxide can also enter algae, fish and plants. Oxidative stress in rat and microorganism cells leads to inflammation, multiple organelle damage and abnormal tissue and organ morphology. In addition, it was also found that nano-graphene oxide could cause DNA oxidative damage and DNA breakage and induce small abnormal expression of RNA associated with reproductive toxicity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the environmental behavior and toxicity of nano-graphene oxide in different environmental media. In the future, the quantitative analysis of nano-graphene oxide exposure, the interaction between nano-graphene oxide and biomolecules, and the toxicity of nano-graphene oxide at a long time and low dose could be further studied. This paper can provide a theoretical reference for further elucidating the health risk of graphene oxide.
【作者单位】：东莞理工学院生态环境与建筑工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(NSFC-81273127) 东莞理工学院高层次人才科研启动经费(GC200109-17)
【分类号】：TQ127.11;X171.5

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