介孔碳材料的合成及在富集分离和药物缓释中的性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 14:37

  本文选题：介孔碳 + 分离富集　； 参考：《中国科学技术大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：有毒有害物质一直威胁着人类的健康,受到人们的广泛关注,因而其分析检测技术成为研究的焦点。由于环境体系是一个复杂且物质成分微量的基质,在分析检测前的分离富集成为必需过程,前处理技术对环境有害物质的分离富集和分析结果的可靠性有着决定性的作用。其中固相萃取技术和固相微萃取技术由于其可以高效的对大量的样品进行快速分离富集,是一种固有高优越性的前处理方法。 本文综述了环境样品前处理分离富集环境有毒有害物质的常见技术,以及磁性介孔碳材料和中空介孔碳材料的合成方法,并概述了介孔碳材料的应用研究进展；以简便方法合成了磁性介孔碳材料和中空介孔碳材料,并应用于水体中多环芳烃的富集和盐酸四环素的药物负载及缓释。 以TEOS为硅源作为硬模板,间苯二酚和甲醛为碳源,用“一锅法”合成出具有大孔径(平均孔径大小为5.4nm)、强磁性(62emu g-1)的磁性Fe304粒子为核,介孔碳层为外壳的蛋黄-蛋壳型结构的磁性介孔碳材料(Fe304@void@C)。此方法合成步骤简单,通过“一锅法”直接合成避免了中间步骤原料的损失。对原料溶剂的组成以及TEOS和甲醛的比例对Fe3O4@void@C结构、形貌的影响进行了详细的研究。Fe304@void@C材料的吸附性能评价显示,Fe3O4@void@C对多环芳烃有着很强的吸附能力,在较短的时间达到吸附平衡,吸附量大,磁性分离速度快,并且能够在回收率84%以上重复使用六次,因此在水环境样品分离富集中显示出一定的优越性。 通过“一锅法”合成了具有厚度可调的中空介孔碳材料(HMCM),探究了其对盐酸四环素的负载及缓释行为。研究表明,合成的HMCM材料的厚度能够在7-90nm任意调整,且具有比表面积大、孔径分布均匀等特点。HMCM对盐酸四环素具有很高的负载量(达850mg g-1),在37℃水浴中,不同厚度HMCM材料的大量缓释行为在15-25h之间,且能够在55h的时间内持续缓释。显示出HMCM材料在药物负载、传输及缓释中具有较高的优势。
[Abstract]:Toxic and harmful substances have been a threat to human health and received extensive attention, so its analytical and detection technology has become the focus of research. Because the environmental system is a complex and trace matrix, the separation and enrichment before the analysis and detection become the necessary process. The pretreatment technology plays a decisive role in the separation and enrichment of environmental harmful substances and the reliability of the analytical results. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an inherently superior pretreatment method because of its high efficiency for rapid separation and enrichment of a large number of samples. In this paper, the common technologies for the separation and enrichment of environmental toxic and harmful substances by pretreatment of environmental samples, the synthesis methods of magnetic mesoporous carbon materials and hollow mesoporous carbon materials are reviewed, and the research progress in the application of mesoporous carbon materials is also summarized. Magnetic mesoporous carbon materials and hollow mesoporous carbon materials were synthesized by a simple method and were applied to the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and drug loading and sustained release of tetracycline hydrochloride. Using TEOS as hard template and resorcinol and formaldehyde as carbon source, magnetic Fe304 particles with large pore size (average pore size of 5.4 nm) and strong magnetic density of 62 emu g-1 were synthesized by one-pot method. A magnetic mesoporous carbon material with a yolk-eggshell structure and a mesoporous carbon layer is Fe304 @ void@ Con. This method is simple and can avoid the loss of intermediate step raw material by one-pot method. The effects of the composition of raw solvent and the ratio of TEOS to formaldehyde on the structure and morphology of Fe3O4@void@C were studied in detail. The adsorptive properties of Fe304Void@ C material showed that Fe3O4Void@ C had a strong adsorption ability to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved in a relatively short time. The adsorption capacity is large, the magnetic separation speed is fast, and the recovery rate is more than 84% and can be reused for six times, so it shows certain superiority in the water environment sample separation and enrichment. The hollow mesoporous carbon (HMCM) with adjustable thickness was synthesized by "one pot method", and its loading and slow release behavior to tetracycline hydrochloride were investigated. The results show that the thickness of the synthesized HMCM material can be adjusted arbitrarily in 7-90nm, and it has the characteristics of large specific surface area and uniform pore size distribution. HMCM has a high loading amount to tetracycline hydrochloride (up to 850mg g-1, in water bath at 37 鈩，

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