蔗糖基碳材料的制备及电化学性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 06:40

  本文选题：蔗糖 + 活性炭　； 参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界社会经济的快速发展,化石能源等不可再生资源消耗日益严重,环境污染问题不断加剧,极大地限制了经济的发展和人民生活质量的提高。为此,科学家一直寻求新的可替代绿色能源来应对当今的能源短缺及环境污染问题。其中,超级电容器作为一种高效、快速、绿色安全的储能元件,近年来被广泛研究。在超级电容器电极材料研究领域,碳材料具有高的比表面积、导电性良好、制备工艺简单、微观结构可控、形式多样等优点,可以用来制备高性能的电极材料。碳电极材料是一种应用广泛的双电层电极材料,其中以蔗糖为碳源,利用化学活化法及原位生长法制备得到高性能碳电极材料的研究还很少。本论文中,分别采用一步法活化、两步法活化、原位生长法等不同合成方法制备得到碳电极材料,利用多种测试方法对材料进行表征分析,并比较不同的化学活化试剂、不同炭化温度、时间、浸渍比例等条件对电极材料微观结构及电化学性能的影响。主要研究成果如下:1.直接采用一步法H3PO4化学活化的方法,利用蔗糖制备出高性能的活性炭,通过一系列微观表征与性能测试,研究了活化条件对活性炭形貌、微观结构和电化学性能的影响,得出最佳活化条件:活化温度500℃,活化时间1 h,浸渍比例5:1(g/g),活性炭的比表面积为1188 m2 g-1,孔容为0.89 cm3 g-1,比电容达到159.4 F g-1。2.采用KOH高温常压煅烧化学活化的方法对H3PO4活化法制备的活性炭表面进一步造孔与修饰,得到电化学性能更高的活性炭。通过一系列微观表征与性能测试,研究了活化条件对活性炭形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响,得出最佳活化条件:活化温度800℃,活化时间1 h,浸渍比例6:1(g/g),活性炭的比表面积为3020 m2 g-1,孔容为2.38 cm3 g-1,比电容达到240.8 F g-1。3.以蔗糖为原料,采用高温高压水热炭化的方法将球形水热炭原位自生长在泡沫镍表面,制备得到了一种无胶黏剂的高性能电极材料。不使用胶黏剂会极大地促进电子与离子在电极中的快速传输,减小活性材料与金属集流体之间的接触电阻。通过一系列微观表征与性能测试,研究了不同水热温度、水热时间、投料量等条件对活性炭形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响,得出最佳反应条件:水热温度180℃,水热时间16 h,蔗糖加入量7.5 g,复合电极材料比电容达到296F g-1。综上,本论文利用不同的合成方法制备了蔗糖基的碳电极材料,并对材料孔结构性质及电化学性能进行了细致的研究。结果表明蔗糖基碳电极材料制备过程简单、结构可控、电容性能优良,可作为超级电容器电极材料应用在能量储存领域。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, the consumption of non-renewable resources such as fossil energy is becoming more and more serious, and the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, which greatly limits the development of economy and the improvement of people's quality of life. For this reason, scientists have been looking for new alternatives to green energy to deal with today's energy shortages and environmental pollution. Supercapacitors, as an efficient, fast and green energy storage component, have been widely studied in recent years. In the field of electrode materials for supercapacitors, carbon materials have the advantages of high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, simple preparation process, controllable microstructure, various forms and so on, which can be used to prepare high performance electrode materials. Carbon electrode material is a kind of widely used double-layer electrode material, in which sucrose is used as carbon source and high performance carbon electrode material is prepared by chemical activation method and in situ growth method. In this paper, carbon electrode materials were prepared by one-step activation, two-step activation, in-situ growth, and so on. The materials were characterized and analyzed by a variety of test methods, and different chemical activation reagents were compared. The effects of carbonization temperature, time and impregnation ratio on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of electrode materials were investigated. The main research results are as follows: 1. High performance activated carbon was prepared from sucrose by one step H3PO4 chemical activation method. The effects of activation conditions on the morphology, microstructure and electrochemical properties of activated carbon were studied by a series of microscopic characterization and performance tests. The optimum activation conditions were obtained as follows: activation temperature 500 鈩，

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