偏高岭土基地质聚合物无机膜的制备及其对自来水的处理

发布时间：2018-06-07 16:16

本文选题：地质聚合物 + 无机膜　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地质聚合物是指一类新型的由硅铝酸盐在激发剂作用下经溶解-解聚-缩聚反应制得的具有非晶至半结晶状态的无机非金属材料,目前主要应用于建筑装饰、保温防火、有毒有害物质的固封等领域。由地质聚合物制备得到的无机膜具有免烧结、工艺简单、成本低廉、绿色环保等优势,这为膜法水处理开辟了一条新思路。本论文以偏高岭土为前驱体材料,以工业水玻璃、氢氧化钠为碱激发剂,以水为造孔剂,并采用浇注成型法制备得到偏高岭土基地质聚合物无机分离膜,主要研究水钠比对其性能和结构的影响,将其应用于硬水软化的处理过程中;再通过表面涂覆法制备出偏高岭土基地质聚合物无机复合膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、水通量测试等对膜片的各项性能进行表征,并探究其对自来水中钙镁离子浓度和浊度的处理效果,对膜片进行再生及反冲洗研究,得到以下主要结论:(1)偏高岭土基地质聚合物无机分离膜的水钠比值与比表面积值、抗压强度成反比关系,与水通量值成正比关系。将其应用于硬水软化实验可知,无机膜对钙离子的去除率随着膜片厚度的增加、初始离子浓度的降低而增大,膜片适用于处理实际自来水,对硬水软化具有实际应用价值。(2)由表面涂覆法制备得到的偏高岭土基地质聚合物无机复合膜界面粘合性好,其水通量值随着进料温度、操作压力、致密层的水钠比值的增大而增大。将其应用于硬水软化实验可知,无机膜膜片致密层水钠比值越小、溶液初始钙离子浓度越低、溶液初始pH值越大,越有利于提高膜片对钙离子的平均去除率。无机膜能较好地降低自来水中的硬度,而膜片的再生处理研究却为膜片提高了潜在的经济应用价值,其硬水软化机理为中和沉淀、离子交换以及孔结构的物理吸附作用。(3)偏高岭土基地质聚合物无机复合膜应用于模拟浊度水、实际水源的处理过程中均表现出了优异的处理效果,出水水质的浊度值满足国家水质要求,虽然膜片在水处理过程中会发生渗透通量衰减的现象,且随着进料液浊度值的升高而加剧,但通过水力学清洗研究可较好地解决膜污染问题,延长膜片的使用寿命,提高其经济价值。
[Abstract]:Geopolymer is a new kind of inorganic nonmetallic material with amorphous to semi-crystalline state, which is made from aluminosilicate by dissolution-dePolycondensation reaction under the action of activator. It is mainly used in building decoration, heat preservation and fire prevention. The field of entrapment of toxic and harmful substances. The inorganic membrane prepared from geopolymer has the advantages of no sintering, simple process, low cost and green environment, which opens a new way for membrane water treatment. In this paper, the polymer inorganic separation membranes of metakaolin were prepared by pouring molding method, using water as pore-forming agent, industrial sodium hydroxide as alkali activator and metakaolin as precursor material. The effect of water / sodium ratio on its properties and structure was studied, which was applied to the treatment of hard water softening, and then the macrokaolin base polymer inorganic composite membrane was prepared by the surface coating method, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The properties of the membrane were characterized by water flux measurement, and the effects of the membrane on the concentration and turbidity of calcium and magnesium ions in tap water were investigated, and the membrane was regenerated and backwashed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ratio of water to sodium is inversely proportional to the specific surface area value and compressive strength, and is directly proportional to the water flux value of the polymer inorganic separation membrane based on metakaolin. The results show that the removal rate of Ca ~ (2 +) by inorganic membrane increases with the increase of membrane thickness and decreases with the decrease of initial ion concentration, and the membrane is suitable for the treatment of tap water. It has practical application value for hard water softening. (2) the interfacial adhesion of metakaolin base polymer inorganic composite membrane prepared by surface coating method is good, and its water flux value depends on feed temperature and operation pressure. The ratio of water to sodium increases with the increase of the ratio of water to sodium in the dense layer. It is found that the smaller the ratio of water to sodium in the dense layer of inorganic membrane is, the lower the initial concentration of calcium ion is, and the higher the initial pH value of the solution is, the higher the average removal rate of calcium ion is. Inorganic membrane can reduce the hardness of tap water, but the regeneration of membrane increases the potential value of economic application for the membrane. The softening mechanism of hard water is neutralization and precipitation. Ion exchange and physical adsorption of pore structure.) the application of metakaolin base polymer inorganic composite membrane in the treatment of simulated turbidity water shows excellent treatment effect. The turbidity value of the effluent meets the requirements of the national water quality, although the permeation flux of the membrane decreases in the process of water treatment, and increases with the increase of the turbidity of the feed liquid. But the study of hydraulic cleaning can solve the problem of membrane fouling, prolong the service life of diaphragm and improve its economic value.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ051.893;TQ085.4

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