透平机在氯碱系统中的运行分析与改进研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:25

本文选题：氯气透平机 + 节能　；参考：《北京化工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：氯气常温常压下为黄绿色,有强烈刺激性气味的有毒气体,可溶于水,其密度比空气大,易压缩,可液化为黄绿色的油状液氯,是氯碱工业的主要产品之一,在造纸、纺织以及化学工业等领域应用较为广泛。氯气透平机作为目前氯碱生产过程中的大型关键设备,本文以新疆华泰重化工有限责任公司50万吨/年的氯气处理装置为研究对象,对透平机的运行机理及改进优化进行了技术研究。依据目前国内广泛使用的两种氯气压缩设备的运行工况,系统分析了氯气透平机在实际投用过程中电量消耗、辅料硫酸消耗、设备自身维修频次、配套设施的维修以及维修作业风险等方面的优势。通过对透平机运行工况的分析,提出四点改进方法。改进一：透平机中、后冷却器泄漏对透平机转子危害极大,会对转子和叶轮造成腐蚀,影响压缩机的使用寿命,可以通过对入透平机的氯中含水的控制、隔离腐蚀介质来加以改进。改进二：透平机出现喘振现象,透平机出口压力突变,会使得所压缩的气体流量大幅波动,严重的时候还会有空气进入氯气系统的可能；通过增大气体流量、调整防喘裕度以及投用过程中的压力调控,效果较为理想。改进三：电机轴承属于透平机的重要部件,通过建立并使用一套重点设备安全运行的故障预警系统,能够对对设备故障的早期预警及成因有效预判。改进四：密封系统对压缩机的稳定运行尤为重要,密封泄漏分为内泄漏与外泄漏,两者均会造成压缩机能量损失增加,级效率及压缩机效率下降,排气量大幅减少。通过增加氮气缓冲罐对输送来的氮气进行存储及稳压,后再输送至透平机组密封系统,避免了因密封气体压力不稳定对装置造成的危害。通过对氯气压缩设备的发展概况、氯气透平机运行机理、设备结构以及投运中存在问题的优化改进的系统分析,为提高透平机的投运效率,更好的避免了腐蚀,系统运行的安全系数提供了新的方法和思路。
[Abstract]:Chlorine is yellowish green at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, toxic gas with strong irritating odor, soluble in water, its density is larger than air, it is easy to compress, it can be liquefied into yellowish green oil liquid chlorine, it is one of the main products of chlor-alkali industry, in papermaking, Textile and chemical industry and other fields are more widely used. Chlorine turbine is a large key equipment in the production of chlor-alkali at present. In this paper, the chlorine gas treatment unit of Xinjiang Huatai heavy Chemical Co., Ltd., 500000 tons per year, is taken as the research object. The operation mechanism and improved optimization of turbine are studied. According to the operating conditions of two kinds of chlorine compressor widely used in our country, the electricity consumption, sulphuric acid consumption and maintenance frequency of chlorine turbine are analyzed systematically. Supporting facilities maintenance and maintenance of operational risks and other advantages. Based on the analysis of the operating conditions of the turbine, a four-point improvement method is put forward. Improvement 1: in the turbine, the leakage of the rear cooler is very harmful to the rotor of the turbine, which will cause corrosion to the rotor and impeller and affect the service life of the compressor. It can be controlled by controlling the water content in the chlorine of the turbine. The corrosion medium is isolated for improvement. Improvement 2: surge phenomenon in turbine, sudden change of turbine outlet pressure, will cause the compressed gas flow rate to fluctuate greatly, and in severe cases there will be the possibility of air entering chlorine gas system; by increasing the gas flow rate, The effect of adjusting the anti-asthmatic margin and the pressure regulation in the process of application is satisfactory. Improvement 3: motor bearing is an important part of turbine. By establishing and using a set of fault warning system for safe operation of key equipment, the early warning and cause of formation of equipment failure can be effectively forecasted. Improvement 4: sealing system is very important to the stable operation of compressor. Sealing leakage is divided into internal leakage and external leakage, both of which will cause compressor energy loss increase, stage efficiency and compressor efficiency decrease, and exhaust volume greatly reduced. By increasing the nitrogen buffer tank to store and stabilize the nitrogen gas, and then conveying it to the seal system of the turbine group, the harm caused by the pressure instability of the seal gas to the unit is avoided. Through the systematic analysis of the development of chlorine compressor, the operation mechanism of chlorine turbine, the structure of the equipment and the optimization and improvement of the problems existing in the operation, the corrosion of the turbine is better avoided in order to improve the operation efficiency of the turbine. The safety factor of the system provides a new method and train of thought.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ114

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