化肥和饲料添加剂生产磷流动特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 23:47

本文选题：磷资源 + 磷流动　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年11期

【摘要】：磷是作物和畜禽生长必需的营养元素,同时也是不可再生资源。为了提高农牧业生产力,80%左右的磷矿石用于生产磷肥与磷饲料添加剂,因此提高磷肥和磷饲料添加剂生产效率至关重要。然而关于磷肥和磷饲料添加剂"采矿—选矿—磷酸—磷肥/磷饲料添加剂"整个链条的磷流动特征和各个环节效率的定量研究却很少。本研究通过企业实地调研,建立企业流动数据库,利用物质流分析的方法扩展了NUFER(NUtrient flows in Food chains,Environment and Resources use)模型的磷肥和饲料磷添加剂生产模块。以我国某大型磷化工企业为例,定量揭示磷化工企业"采矿—选矿—磷酸—磷肥/磷饲料添加剂"整个链条磷流动特征、损失和利用效率;分析各种磷肥和饲料添加剂产品生产磷流动、利用效率和磷足迹;并利用情景分析提出提高磷利用效率的策略和优化潜力。结果表明:2015年该企业利用含3.902?106 t P2O5的自然矿石,生产了2.426?106 t(折纯P2O5,下同)磷复肥和磷饲料添加剂,其中磷酸二铵和磷酸一铵是最主要的产品,分别为156万t和54万t。磷酸二铵、磷酸一铵、重过磷酸钙、磷酸一二钙、普通过磷酸钙、复合肥、硫肥和磷酸二氢钾产品的生产效率分别为98%、98%、93%、95%、91%、99%、98%和91%,整个生产链条的生产效率为80%。大多数的磷资源在矿石加工部门损失掉,占磷损失量的51%;其次是矿石开采部门(25%)和磷酸生产部门(14%)。通过提高生产效率和废弃物利用率,磷资源损失预计可以减少42%。研究企业的磷利用效率在国内已达先进水平,但仍有提升潜力。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for crops and livestock, and it is also a non-renewable resource. In order to improve the productivity of agriculture and animal husbandry, about 80% of phosphate rock is used to produce phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus feed additive, so it is very important to improve the production efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus feed additive. However, there are few quantitative studies on phosphorus flow characteristics and efficiency of each link in the whole chain of phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus feed additive "mining-ore-dressing, phosphoric-phosphorus-phosphate / phosphorus feed additive". In this study, the enterprise flow database was established by field investigation, and the production module of phosphorus fertilizer and feed phosphorus additive was extended by using the method of material flow analysis in the NUFERT flows in Food chain Environment and Resources use model. Taking a large phosphorous chemical enterprise in China as an example, the characteristics, loss and utilization efficiency of phosphorus flow in the whole chain of "mining-ore-dressing phosphorus-phosphate fertilizer / phosphorus feed additive" were revealed quantitatively. The flow, utilization efficiency and phosphorus footprint of various phosphorus fertilizer and feed additive products were analyzed, and the strategies and optimization potential of improving phosphorus utilization efficiency were put forward by scenario analysis. The results showed that in 2015, the natural ore containing 3.902n 106t P _ 2O _ 5 was used to produce 2.426m ~ 106t (P _ 2O _ 5) phosphate compound fertilizer and phosphorus feed additive. Among them, diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate were the most important products, which were 1.56 million t and 540000 t, respectively. The production efficiency of products of diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, calcium phosphate, common superphosphate, compound fertilizer, sulphur fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 98% and 98%, respectively. The production efficiency of the whole production chain is 80%. Most of the phosphorus resources were lost in the ore processing sector, accounting for 51% of the phosphorus loss, followed by the ore mining sector (25%) and the phosphoric acid production sector (14%). The loss of phosphorus resources is expected to be reduced by increasing production efficiency and waste utilization. The phosphorus utilization efficiency of the research enterprises has reached the advanced level in China, but still has the potential to improve.
【作者单位】：中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省节水农业重点实验室/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室;中国科学院大学;中国农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：河北省杰出青年科学基金(D2017503023) 云天化国际植物营养研究院开放项目(YTHZWYJY2016001) 中国科学院“百人计划”项目资助~~
【分类号】：S816.7;TQ126.3

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