氨合成塔的结构设计与优化

发布时间：2018-06-18 20:31

本文选题：氨合成塔 + 强度分析　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：氨合成塔是合成氨工业中的重要设备,其运行条件为高温、高压和腐蚀性介质。设计压力在10MPa至100MPa之间的氨合成塔属于高压容器。由于承受较高的压力和较高的温度,高压容器的安全问题一直受到科研工作者的关注。在常规的高压容器设计中,一般是根据经验公式计算,选取较大的安全系数以保证设计的安全性。较大的安全系数所带来的问题是材料利用率低,增加成本;同时,由于氨合成塔开孔较多,受力时易产生应力集中现象,更易发生危险。因此,本文以GB.150.1~150.4-201《压力容器》设计依据,采用理论公式计算的方法对氨合成塔关键零部件的强度分析;采用有限元分析的方法数值模拟氨合成塔关键零部件的应力、应变及位移情况。在有限元分析中,采用热——结构耦合场进行分析,即机械载荷和温度载荷共同作用下研究结构的应力分布情况。氨合成塔的关键零部件包括筒体、平盖、双锥环密封结构、封头以及氨合成塔下部开孔结构等。本文主要研究内容如下:(1)分析了氨合成塔筒体的制造工艺,建立了氨合成塔筒体结构模型,采用有限元分析的方法研究了氨合成塔筒体的应力、位移、应变以及安全系数随不同筒体壁厚的变化情况。(2)采用常规公式计算的方法对氨合成塔平盖和双锥环密封结构进行了强度分析,建立了氨合成塔平盖以及双锥环密封结构有限元模型,分析了不同双锥环内圆柱面与平盖支撑面之间径向间隙下双锥环垫片应力随氨合成塔内压的变化情况。(3)建立了球形封头开单孔的三维实体模型,基于开孔补强原理分析了未加补强结构和已有补强结构两种状态下应力的分布情况;建立了氨合成塔下部三开孔结构的有限元分析模型,分析了结构突变处的应力的分布情况。
[Abstract]:Ammonia converter is an important equipment in ammonia industry. Its operating conditions are high temperature, high pressure and corrosive medium. Ammonia converter with design pressure between 10 MPA and 100 MPA belongs to high pressure vessel. Due to high pressure and high temperature, the safety of high pressure vessels has been concerned by researchers. In the conventional design of high pressure vessels, it is generally calculated according to the empirical formula, and a large safety factor is selected to ensure the safety of the design. The problem caused by the larger safety factor is that the material utilization ratio is low, and the cost is increased. At the same time, because there are more openings in ammonia synthesis tower, stress concentration phenomenon is easy to occur when the ammonia converter is subjected to the force, and the danger is more likely to occur. Therefore, based on the design basis of GB.150.1 (150.4-201), the strength analysis of key parts of ammonia converter is carried out by theoretical formula calculation method, and the stress of key parts of ammonia converter is numerically simulated by finite element method. Strain and displacement. In the finite element analysis, the thermal-structural coupling field is used to analyze the stress distribution of the structure under the combined action of mechanical load and temperature load. The key parts of ammonia converter include cylinder, flat cover, double cone ring seal structure, seal head and opening structure of lower part of ammonia synthesis tower. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the manufacturing process of the cylinder of ammonia synthesis tower is analyzed, the structure model of the cylinder of ammonia synthesis tower is established, and the stress and displacement of the cylinder of ammonia synthesis tower are studied by means of finite element analysis. The variation of strain and safety factor with different wall thickness of cylinder. The strength analysis of flat cover and double cone ring seal structure of ammonia synthesis tower is carried out by the method of conventional formula calculation. The finite element model of flat cover and double cone ring seal structure of ammonia converter is established. The change of stress of double cone gasket with internal pressure of ammonia synthesis tower under radial gap between cylindrical surface and support surface of flat cover in different double cone rings is analyzed. The three-dimensional solid model of single hole opening of spherical head is established. Based on the reinforcement principle of open hole, the stress distribution of the unreinforced structure and the existing reinforced structure is analyzed, and the finite element analysis model of the three-hole structure in the lower part of the ammonia synthesis tower is established, and the stress distribution at the abrupt point of the structure is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ113.252

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