含铬铝泥的综合利用工艺研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 11:30
【摘要】：铬盐在国民经济中占有不可或缺的角色,而且其需求量在逐年增大。含铬铝泥是铬盐生产的主要固体废弃物,其中相当数量的剧毒六价铬是以铬酸钠盐以及结合态形式与铝泥中其它成分共存,必须在排放之前加以无害化处理。对含铬铝泥综合利用的研究和开发,不仅能提高我国铬盐生产企业的经济效益,而且能有效保护生态环境。本文以重庆某铬盐厂的含铬铝泥为研究处理对象,在实验基础上,提出了一套综合利用含铬铝泥的工艺路线。首先利用打浆水洗的方法除去大部分易溶六价铬盐,使含铬铝泥中的六价铬含量降低至5%以下;然后利用电渗析的方法除去剩余少量可溶解六价铬盐:即在含铬铝泥的浆态溶液两端施加外部电场,利用电场作用将少量可溶六价铬盐从铝泥中迁移出来,使铝泥中的六价铬含量降低至1%以下;剩余1%的六价铬主要为结合态,则采用还原剂将其还原为无毒的三价铬。解毒之后的含铬铝泥,分离出其中的三价铝并生产高纯氧化铝,剩余泥浆返回装置再利用。本论文对含铬铝泥的打浆水洗、电渗析、溶出还原等过程的工艺过程及条件进行实验优化;并在提取三价铝过程中,分别研究了苛性碱浓度、温度和反应时间等条件对Al(OH)3浸出率的影响;在碳酸化分解制氧化铝的过程中,通过控制分解的温度、添加剂的用量、搅拌速度等条件,得到高纯的炼铝用氧化铝。
[Abstract]:Chromium salt occupies an indispensable role in the national economy, and its demand is increasing year by year. The chromium containing aluminum mud is the main solid waste in the production of chromic salt. A considerable amount of the toxic six valence chromium is coexisting with other ingredients in the aluminum mud with sodium chromate and the form of binding. The research and development of comprehensive utilization of mud can not only improve the economic benefit of Chinese chromium salt production enterprises, but also effectively protect the ecological environment. In this paper, based on the study of chromium containing aluminum sludge in a chromium salt plant in Chongqing, a set of technological route for comprehensive utilization of chromium containing aluminum mud is put forward on the basis of the experiment. Most easily soluble six valent chromium salts reduce the six valence chromium content in the chromic aluminum mud to less than 5%, and then remove a small amount of soluble six chromic salts by electrodialysis: the external electric field is applied at both ends of the slurry solution of the chromium containing aluminum mud, and a small amount of soluble six valent chromium salts are migrated from the aluminum mud by the effect of the electric field to make the aluminum mud. The content of six valence chromium is reduced to less than 1%, and the six valence chromium of the remaining 1% is mainly the binding state, then the reduction agent is reduced to nontoxic trivalent chromium. The chromium containing aluminum mud after detoxification is used to separate the trivalent aluminum and produce high purity alumina, and the residual mud is returned to the device. The process and conditions of the original process were optimized. In the process of extracting trivalent aluminum, the effects of the concentration of caustic alkali, temperature and reaction time on the leaching rate of Al (OH) 3 were studied. In the process of carbonization and decomposition of alumina, the temperature, the amount of additives and the stirring speed were controlled by the conditions of the decomposition temperature, the amount of additives and the stirring speed. Alumina is used for pure aluminum smelting.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ133.1
[Abstract]:Chromium salt occupies an indispensable role in the national economy, and its demand is increasing year by year. The chromium containing aluminum mud is the main solid waste in the production of chromic salt. A considerable amount of the toxic six valence chromium is coexisting with other ingredients in the aluminum mud with sodium chromate and the form of binding. The research and development of comprehensive utilization of mud can not only improve the economic benefit of Chinese chromium salt production enterprises, but also effectively protect the ecological environment. In this paper, based on the study of chromium containing aluminum sludge in a chromium salt plant in Chongqing, a set of technological route for comprehensive utilization of chromium containing aluminum mud is put forward on the basis of the experiment. Most easily soluble six valent chromium salts reduce the six valence chromium content in the chromic aluminum mud to less than 5%, and then remove a small amount of soluble six chromic salts by electrodialysis: the external electric field is applied at both ends of the slurry solution of the chromium containing aluminum mud, and a small amount of soluble six valent chromium salts are migrated from the aluminum mud by the effect of the electric field to make the aluminum mud. The content of six valence chromium is reduced to less than 1%, and the six valence chromium of the remaining 1% is mainly the binding state, then the reduction agent is reduced to nontoxic trivalent chromium. The chromium containing aluminum mud after detoxification is used to separate the trivalent aluminum and produce high purity alumina, and the residual mud is returned to the device. The process and conditions of the original process were optimized. In the process of extracting trivalent aluminum, the effects of the concentration of caustic alkali, temperature and reaction time on the leaching rate of Al (OH) 3 were studied. In the process of carbonization and decomposition of alumina, the temperature, the amount of additives and the stirring speed were controlled by the conditions of the decomposition temperature, the amount of additives and the stirring speed. Alumina is used for pure aluminum smelting.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ133.1
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