含有石墨烯的PAN纳米过滤膜的抑菌性及拉伸性能

发布时间：2018-08-23 10:11

【摘要】：目前,环境污染已经越来越严重,空气污染更甚,雾霾带来的危害已引起全世界的关注,而最有效的空气净化方法则是过滤,因此空气过滤材料的研究和开发更是成为了研究重点。传统的空气过滤材料仅对粒径大于0.3μm的颗粒才能具有有效的过滤,对粒径比较小的颗粒及病原体则几乎无效。在纤维滤材的制备方面,静电纺丝技术已引起了广泛关注。用静电纺丝技术制备的纤维具有直径小、孔径小、孔隙率高、纤维均一性好等优点,使其在过滤及防护等领域表现出巨大的应用前景。本文将石墨烯加入到静电纺纳米膜中,使其具有良好过滤效果的同时,还能具有石墨烯的一定性能。首先,利用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),并用抗坏血酸作为还原剂制备出还原性氧化石墨烯(rGO),通过静电纺丝技术制备了石墨烯/聚丙烯腈(石墨烯/PAN)纳米复合膜。并采用场发射扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析对制备的氧化石墨烯和还原性氧化石墨烯的形态、结构进行表征以及热学性能测试。确定成功制备出了GO和rGO,为其在过滤及抑菌方面的应用奠定了基础。其次,将制备出的石墨烯混合在聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,纺制出了含有不同质量分数GO的PAN纳米膜以及含有一定量rGO的PAN纳米膜,并测量了纺丝液的粘度和电导率,同时对纳米膜进行了SEM、孔径、厚度、过滤等性能测试。实验结果表明:石墨烯对纺丝液的粘度和电导率影响不显著;石墨烯的加入会影响PAN纳米纤维的成纤性能,GO的添加量为0.3 wt%时,GO/PAN纳米膜的成纤性以及过滤性能最好;GO和rGO添加量均为0.3 wt%时,GO/PAN纳米膜的成纤性更好,纳米纤维更细,分布更加均匀,其过滤性能也最好,孔径尺寸分布在1.3~1.7μm之间。而且纳米膜的过滤效率随着其气流量的增加而减小。再次,对含有不同GO的PAN纳米膜以及含有一定量的rGO的PAN纳米膜进行拉伸性能测试。实验结果表明:GO加入后,PAN纳米膜纤维的拉伸性能增加,当添加量为0.3 wt%时,PAN纳米纤维的断裂强度提高了42.42%,断裂伸长率提高了32.5%。但加入的GO过多时,又会降低纤维的拉伸性能。GO和rGO添加量均为0.3 wt%时,GO/PAN纳米复合材料比rGO/PAN纳米复合材料的拉伸性能更好,而rGO/PAN纳米复合材料比PAN纳米材料拉伸性能差。最后,当GO和rGO的添加量为0.3 wt%时,对rGO/PAN和GO/PAN复合材料的抑菌性能进行了定性测试和定量测试。定性实验结果表明:rGO/PAN和GO/PAN复合材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果有限。定量测试结果表明:GO/PAN和rGO/PAN复合材料对大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为32.4%和40.5%,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为45.8%和56.7%;还原性石墨烯比氧化石墨烯的抑菌效果更好。
[Abstract]:At present, the environmental pollution has become more and more serious, and the air pollution is even more serious. The harm brought by haze has attracted the attention of the whole world, and the most effective air purification method is filtration. Therefore, the research and development of air filtration materials has become the focus of research. The traditional air filtration materials can only be effective for particles larger than 0.3 渭 m in diameter, but almost ineffective for smaller particles and pathogens. In the preparation of fiber filter materials, electrostatic spinning technology has attracted wide attention. The fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning has the advantages of small diameter, high porosity and good homogeneity, which makes it have a great application prospect in the field of filtration and protection. In this paper, graphene was added into electrospun nanofilm to make it have good filtration effect and some properties of graphene. Firstly, graphene oxide (GO), was prepared by modified Hummers method and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was prepared by ascorbic acid as reducing agent. Graphene / polyacrylonitrile (graphene / pan) nanocomposite films were prepared by electrospinning technique. The morphology and structure of graphene oxide and reductive graphene were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Go and rGOwere successfully prepared, which laid a foundation for their application in filtration and bacteriostasis. Secondly, the graphene was mixed in the polyacrylonitrile spinning solution. The PAN nanofilm containing different mass fraction go and the PAN nanofilm containing a certain amount of rGO were prepared. The viscosity and conductivity of the spinning solution were measured. At the same time, SEM, pore size, thickness, filtration and other properties of nanofilm were tested. The experimental results show that graphene has no significant effect on the viscosity and conductivity of spinning solution. The addition of graphene will affect the fiber forming properties of PAN nanofibers. When the addition amount of go is 0.3 wt%, the fibrillability of goo / pan nanofilm is better and the filterability is the best when the content of go and rGO is 0.3 wt%, and the fibrillability of goo / pan nanofilm is better and the nanofilament is finer when the addition amount of go and rGO is 0.3 wt%. The distribution is more uniform, and the filtration performance is the best. The pore size distribution is between 1.3 渭 m and 1.7 渭 m. Moreover, the filtration efficiency of nanofilm decreases with the increase of gas flow rate. Thirdly, the tensile properties of PAN nanofilms with different go and PAN films with a certain amount of rGO were tested. The results showed that the tensile properties of pan nanofibers increased with the addition of% go. The breaking strength of pan nanofibers increased by 42.42 and the elongation at break increased by 32.5% when the addition amount was 0.3 wt%. However, when the addition of go was too much, the tensile properties of fiber. Go and rGO were both 0.3 wt% and the tensile properties of rGO/PAN / pan nanocomposites were better than those of rGO/PAN nanocomposites, while the tensile properties of rGO/PAN nanocomposites were worse than those of PAN nanocomposites. Finally, when the addition of go and rGO was 0.3 wt%, the antibacterial properties of rGO/PAN and GO/PAN composites were tested qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative results showed that the bacteriostatic effect of GO/PAN / rGOP / pan composites on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was limited. The results of quantitative test showed that the bacteriostatic rates of the two composites were 32.4% and 40.5%, those of Staphylococcus aureus were 45.8% and 56.7%, respectively, and that of reducing graphene was better than that of graphene oxide.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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