液氯生产过程中危险源的识别及安全控制

发布时间：2018-08-30 12:32

【摘要】：氯气为黄绿色气体,具有强烈的刺激性气味,有剧毒。氯气对人体有严重危害,它能刺激眼、鼻、喉,以及上呼吸道等。当质量浓度为1~6 mg/m3时,对人引起显著的刺激;12 mg/m3时则难以忍受;达40~60 mg/m3时,30~60 min可致严重中毒;120~170 mg/m3时极为危险,引起急性肺水肿及肺炎;3000 mg/m3时,可立即麻痹呼吸中枢、出现“闪击性死亡”。氯气对植物有危害作用,对金属制品和建筑有腐蚀作用。国家规定,氯气在空中最大允许浓度为1 mg/m3。由此可见,如何做好液氯安全生产工作至关重要。因此,在液氯的生产、贮存和使用等环节,都应做好防范措施,严防各类事故的发生。这就要求从事液氯生产的人员,不但要熟悉液氯的性质,还应熟知在液氯生产中各环节的注意事项,各类防护用品、急救工具的使用,各生产环节中存在的风险因素,各种事故的抢险预案等。本文分别从生产过程控制、风险分析、防范措施以及液氯泄漏后的应急处理、应急救援等多个方面,对液氯生产过程中可能存在的危险有害因素、薄弱环节进行了深入剖析,对如何做好防范,如何进行应急处置发表了自己的见解,对如何做好液氯的安全生产工作,如何实现液氯的本质安全的问题进行了深入研究与探讨。
[Abstract]:Chlorine gas is a yellowish green gas, with a strong irritating smell, highly toxic. Chlorine can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract. When the mass concentration is 1 ~ 6 mg/m3, it is intolerable to cause significant irritation to human beings for 12 mg/m3, and 30 ~ 60 min to 400.60 mg/m3 can cause severe poisoning and is extremely dangerous at 120 ~ 170 mg/m3, causing acute pulmonary edema and pneumonia 3000 mg/m3, which can immediately paralyze the respiratory center. Flash death occurs. Chlorine is harmful to plants and corrodes metal products and buildings. According to national regulations, the maximum allowable concentration of chlorine in the air is 1 mg/m3.. Thus, how to do a good job of safe production of liquid chlorine is very important. Therefore, in the production, storage and use of liquid chlorine, preventive measures should be taken to prevent all kinds of accidents. This requires people engaged in the production of liquid chlorine not only to be familiar with the properties of liquid chlorine, but also to be familiar with the matters needing attention in all aspects of the production of liquid chlorine, the use of various types of protective equipment, first aid tools, and the risk factors existing in each production link. Emergency plans for all kinds of accidents, etc. In this paper, from the aspects of production process control, risk analysis, preventive measures, emergency treatment after liquid chlorine leakage, emergency rescue and other aspects, the possible dangerous and harmful factors and weak links in liquid chlorine production process are deeply analyzed. In this paper, the author puts forward his own opinion on how to take precautions and how to deal with emergency treatment. It also makes a deep research and discussion on how to do well the safe production of liquid chlorine and how to realize the essential safety of liquid chlorine.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ124.4;TQ086

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