碳纳米管高分子阻燃材料的阻燃特性及机理研究
发布时间：2018-10-16 10:28
【摘要】：碳纳米管（CNTs）独特的结构使其拥有优良的力学、电学、热学性能，其作为增强填料应用于聚合物纳米复合材料领域具有广阔的前景。以碳纳米管为填充剂，增强高聚物纳米复合材料的阻燃特性已成为研究的热点。由于对碳纳米管在聚合物纳米复合材料阻燃方面的研究相对较晚一些，其在不同火灾场景下的阻燃特性和阻燃机理仍不明确。 本文采用原位聚合法，利用多壁碳纳米管（MWNT）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）混合液，制备PMMA/MWNT纳米复合材料，研究了如何提高MWNT在MMA单体中的分散性，以及合成PMMA和MWNT/PMMA复合材料的影响因素。利用热失重分析仪研究复合材料的热稳定性。采用锥形量热仪研究复合材料的燃烧特性，测试材料在不同辐射热通量下的热释放速率、引燃时间、CO生产率以及CO2生产率。利用水平垂直燃烧仪研究了复合材料火焰传播速度和阻燃等级。 研究结果表明，超声波和机械搅拌同时作用，并辅以一定量的表面活性剂，更有利于MWNT的分散。影响纯PMMA合成的主要因素有引发剂含量、预聚合时间和温度、聚合反应的温度；碳纳米管的添加，，改变了复合材料的预聚时间和聚合温度。MWNT的添加并没有显著提高复合材料的热稳定性；添加1wt%的MWNT时，复合材料的热释放速率峰值降低的最明显，同时能较好的抑制燃烧过程中熔滴现象的产生；MWNT的添加并没有增加CO的产量，但加快了CO2的生产率。依据材料燃烧实验测试结果，推断MWNT/PMMA复合材料是气相阻燃和凝固相阻燃共同作用。
[Abstract]:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties due to their unique structure. As reinforcements, CNTs have a broad prospect in the field of polymer nanocomposites. The flame retardancy of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has become a hot topic. Because the flame retardancy of carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites is relatively late, the flame retardancy and flame retardant mechanism of carbon nanotubes in different fire scenarios are still unclear. In this paper, PMMA/MWNT nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization with the mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The dispersion of MWNT in MMA monomer and the factors affecting the synthesis of PMMA and MWNT/PMMA composites were studied. The thermal stability of composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The combustion characteristics of composites were studied by cone calorimeter. The heat release rate, ignition time, CO productivity and CO2 productivity were measured under different radiant heat fluxes. The flame propagation velocity and flame retardant grade of composite materials were studied by horizontal and vertical combustion apparatus. The results show that ultrasonic wave and mechanical stirring act simultaneously with a certain amount of surfactant, which is more favorable to the dispersion of MWNT. The main factors affecting the synthesis of pure PMMA are initiator content, prepolymerization time and temperature, temperature of polymerization, addition of carbon nanotubes, The prepolymerization time and polymerization temperature of the composites were changed. The thermal stability of the composites was not significantly improved with the addition of MWNT, and the peak value of the thermal release rate of the composites decreased most obviously with the addition of 1wt% MWNT. The addition of MWNT did not increase the production of CO, but accelerated the productivity of CO2. According to the results of combustion test, it is inferred that MWNT/PMMA composite is the joint action of gas phase flame retardant and solidified phase flame retardant.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11
本文编号：2274072
[Abstract]:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties due to their unique structure. As reinforcements, CNTs have a broad prospect in the field of polymer nanocomposites. The flame retardancy of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has become a hot topic. Because the flame retardancy of carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites is relatively late, the flame retardancy and flame retardant mechanism of carbon nanotubes in different fire scenarios are still unclear. In this paper, PMMA/MWNT nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization with the mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The dispersion of MWNT in MMA monomer and the factors affecting the synthesis of PMMA and MWNT/PMMA composites were studied. The thermal stability of composites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The combustion characteristics of composites were studied by cone calorimeter. The heat release rate, ignition time, CO productivity and CO2 productivity were measured under different radiant heat fluxes. The flame propagation velocity and flame retardant grade of composite materials were studied by horizontal and vertical combustion apparatus. The results show that ultrasonic wave and mechanical stirring act simultaneously with a certain amount of surfactant, which is more favorable to the dispersion of MWNT. The main factors affecting the synthesis of pure PMMA are initiator content, prepolymerization time and temperature, temperature of polymerization, addition of carbon nanotubes, The prepolymerization time and polymerization temperature of the composites were changed. The thermal stability of the composites was not significantly improved with the addition of MWNT, and the peak value of the thermal release rate of the composites decreased most obviously with the addition of 1wt% MWNT. The addition of MWNT did not increase the production of CO, but accelerated the productivity of CO2. According to the results of combustion test, it is inferred that MWNT/PMMA composite is the joint action of gas phase flame retardant and solidified phase flame retardant.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11
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