石英玻璃的磁性磨粒光整加工试验研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 16:20

【摘要】：近年来,随着科学技术的不断发展以及工业的不断进步,硬脆材料被广泛应用于各种行业,特别是在通信、航空航天、光学仪器仪表等高新技术领域。硬脆材料硬度高、脆性大,属于低断裂韧性材料,加工难度大,传统的砂轮磨削等技术难以达到其技术要求。而现有的一些硬脆材料磨削抛光方法难以实现曲面类零件的加工,本文提出使用磁性磨粒光整加工方法,利用具有柔性、自适应性的磁性磨粒实现对石英玻璃管内表面的光整加工。本文主要进行了以下研究工作:(1)以单颗磁性磨粒为研究对象,研究分析了其在磁场中所受磁场保持力、磁性磨粒对工件表面的作用力以及在加工过程中的受力情况。对硬脆材料的去除方式、脆塑转变机理进行阐述,研究分析了硬脆材料的磁性磨粒光整加工去除机理。分析表明磁性磨粒光整加工硬脆材料的去除过程由塑性去除、脆塑混合去除(横向裂纹没有扩展到材料表面)和脆性去除(横向裂纹已扩展到材料表面)三种方式组成。(2)以石英玻璃端面作为加工对象选用金刚石非固结磁性磨料,经加工的表面粗糙度最终Ra、Rz值分别达到0.016μm和0.12μm,验证了磁性磨粒光整加工对石英玻璃的加工可行性。研究分析了主轴转速、加工间隙、初始状态和加工时间对工件表面粗糙度值的影响,得出最佳工艺参数。(3)根据石英玻璃管的内表面设计内置磁极,采用ANSYS Maxwell仿真软件对磁极的组合形式、组合磁极数量、磁极开槽尺寸进行模拟仿真。通过分析最终确定磁极头采用10块N45钕铁硼瓦型磁极共同组成,每块瓦型磁极外径为35mm,内径为20mm,圆心角为36o,高度为40mm,开槽尺寸为2mm。(4)设计四因素三水平正交实验,对主轴转速、加工间隙、铁粉目数和磨粒粒径对石英玻璃管内表面的表面粗糙度影响的主次顺序进行研究,得出最优因素水平组合方案为磨粒粒径为2.5μm,主轴转速为960r/min,加工间隙为1mm,铁粉目数为200目,并对该组合进行实验验证。本文通过理论分析和实验研究验证了磁性磨粒光整加工对石英玻璃管内表面的精密加工可行性,对解决硬脆材料曲面光整加工具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous progress of industry, hard and brittle materials are widely used in various industries, especially in communications, aerospace, optical instruments and other high-tech fields. The hard brittle material is of high hardness and high brittleness, which belongs to the low fracture toughness material and is difficult to be processed, so it is difficult for the traditional grinding wheel grinding technology to meet its technical requirements. However, some existing grinding and polishing methods for hard and brittle materials are difficult to realize the machining of curved surface parts. In this paper, a magnetic abrasive finishing method is proposed, which is flexible. The self-adaptive magnetic abrasive can finish the inner surface of quartz glass tube. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) taking a single magnetic abrasive as the research object, the magnetic field retention force in the magnetic field, the force of the magnetic abrasive particles on the workpiece surface and the force acting on the workpiece during the processing are studied and analyzed. The removal mode of hard brittle material and the mechanism of brittle plastic transformation are expounded. The removal mechanism of magnetic abrasive finishing of hard brittle material is studied and analyzed. The analysis shows that the removal process of hard and brittle materials processed by magnetic abrasive finishing is removed by plasticity. Brittle plastic mixed removal (transverse crack does not extend to the surface of the material) and brittle removal (transverse crack has been extended to the surface of the material) is composed of three ways. (2) the quartz glass end face is used as the processing object of diamond non-consolidated magnetic abrasive, The final Ra,Rz values of the machined surface roughness are 0.016 渭 m and 0.12 渭 m, respectively. The feasibility of magnetic abrasive finishing for quartz glass is verified. The effects of spindle speed, machining clearance, initial state and processing time on the surface roughness of the workpiece are studied and analyzed, and the optimum process parameters are obtained. (3) according to the inner surface of the quartz glass tube, the built-in magnetic pole is designed. The combined form of magnetic pole, the number of combined magnetic poles and the slot size of magnetic pole are simulated by ANSYS Maxwell software. Finally, it is determined that the magnetic pole head is composed of 10 N45 NdFeB type magnetic poles. The outer diameter, inner diameter, center angle and height of each tile magnetic pole are 35mm, 20mm, 36oand 40mm, respectively. (4) four factors and three levels orthogonal experiment were designed to study the effects of spindle speed, machining clearance, iron powder mesh number and abrasive particle size on surface roughness of quartz glass tube. The results show that the optimal level combination scheme is that the particle size is 2.5 渭 m, the spindle speed is 960r / min, the machining clearance is 1mm and the mesh number of iron powder is 200 mesh, and the combination is verified by experiments. In this paper, the feasibility of magnetic abrasive finishing on the inner surface of quartz glass tube is verified by theoretical analysis and experimental study. It is of great significance to solve the problem of surface finishing of hard and brittle materials.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ171.68

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