电镀场地土壤重金属元素Cr、Zn、Cu形态分析及土壤修复

发布时间：2018-11-26 07:54

【摘要】：根据重金属的毒性及污染严重程度,将重金属防控对象分为2类,第一类重金属防控对象是以铅、汞、镉、铬和类金属砷等污染严重的重金属元素为主;第二类防控对象是铊、锰、镍、锌、铜等,这也是环保部在《重金属污染综合防治"十二五"规划》中明确规定的防控原则。目前国家环保管理部门对重金属污染排放实行严格的总量控制制度,并把这些污染区域分为重点区域和非重点区域。重金属土壤污染不仅影响着生态环境,而且对其他环境的安全也会造成严重的影响。在我国随着城市人口的增加及规模的扩建,新的城市区域规划要求人口密集的城区内的重污染企业要退城进园,搬迁后的厂区必须进行环境影响评估,对于已污染的厂区土壤必须进行治理修复方可作为城市用地新用途的使用,因此退城进园及企业搬迁后的污染场区土壤的修复工作就显得尤为重要;土壤中的重金属污染防治和土壤修复的工作已成为当今环境保护工作者的重大研究内容。本文以搬迁后的电镀企业重金属污染场地作为土壤修复的研究对象,为了规范发展电镀行业排放的污染物对环境的污染,进一步整合各种资源,发挥电镀行业集中建设,控制规模优势和辐射带动效应,保障电镀行业健康稳定发展,山东省某高压开关有限公司电镀生产线需整体搬迁,根据当地城市规划及环保要求,该企业现已迁往规划后的化工工业园,原址场污染土壤需要进行治理修复,原厂址的污染土壤需要进行修复,修复面积约为7452m2。该企业搬迁前以生产各种类型的电器元件为产品,生产工艺需要大量的电镀环节,电镀元件涉及到的重金属为铬、铜、锌;搬迁后规划的该场地用途为商业用地,污染场地修复目标主要采用《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)三级标准值。通过对原厂区土壤取样测定,测定结果显示污染场地土壤样品中六价铬最大浓度达到41.7mg/kg,总铬最大浓度达到4150mg/kg,Cu的最大浓度达2220mg/kg,Zn最大浓度达5020mg/kg,远超《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)三级标准限值。欧美日等发达国家已把固化稳定化处置技术(S/S法)作为一种常用的修复技术,用于处理有毒有害固体废物,目前我国用于重金属污染土壤修复的方法更多的是固化-稳定化处理技术,特别是对于重度的重金属污染土壤的修复。为彻底解决企业搬迁后遗留场地的土壤污染问题,经过多方案分析比较,采用了固化-稳定化技术对该企业搬迁后的电镀污染场地土壤进行修复。经处理后的土壤监测结果可达到满意的结果,为今后电镀行业污染场地的土壤修复提供了可借鉴的方法,具有可参考的实际价值。
[Abstract]:According to the toxicity of heavy metals and the severity of pollution, the heavy metal prevention and control objects are divided into two categories. The first kind of heavy metal prevention and control objects are heavy metal elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and metalloid arsenic. The second kind of prevention and control objects are thallium, manganese, nickel, zinc, copper and so on. This is also the principle of prevention and control stipulated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the 12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of heavy Metal pollution. At present, the State Environmental Protection Administration implements a strict total amount control system for heavy metal pollution emissions, and divides these polluted areas into key areas and non-key areas. Heavy metal soil pollution not only affects the ecological environment, but also has a serious impact on the safety of other environments. With the increase of urban population and the expansion of urban scale in our country, the new urban area planning requires the heavily polluted enterprises in the densely populated urban area to withdraw from the city and enter the park, and the factory area after relocation must carry out environmental impact assessment. The contaminated soil must be remedied before it can be used as the new use of urban land, so it is particularly important to restore the soil in the polluted site after the removal of the city and the relocation of the enterprise. The prevention and treatment of heavy metal pollution and soil remediation in soil has become an important research content of environmental protection workers. In this paper, heavy metal contaminated sites of electroplating enterprises after relocation are taken as the research object of soil remediation. In order to standardize the pollution caused by pollutants discharged from electroplating industry, further integrate all kinds of resources and give full play to the concentrated construction of electroplating industry. To control the advantages of scale and radiation, to ensure the healthy and stable development of electroplating industry, the electroplating production line of a certain high voltage switch company in Shandong Province should be relocated as a whole, according to the local urban planning and environmental protection requirements, The plant has now moved to the planned chemical industrial park. The contaminated soil of the original site needs to be remedied, and the contaminated soil of the original site needs to be repaired, with an area of about 7452 m2. Before the relocation of the enterprise to produce various types of electrical components as products, the production process needs a large number of electroplating links, electroplating elements involved in heavy metals chromium, copper, zinc; The site was planned for commercial use after relocation. The main target of remediation of contaminated site was the third grade standard value of soil Environmental quality Standard (GB15618-1995). The results showed that the maximum concentration of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil was 41.7 mg / kg, the maximum concentration of total chromium was 4150 mg / kg Cu, the maximum concentration of zinc was 2220 mg / kg ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1), the maximum concentration of Cr ~ (6 +) was 5020 mg / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), the maximum concentration of Cr ~ (6 +) was 41.7 mg / kg ~ (-1). It far exceeds the third grade limit of soil Environmental quality Standard (GB15618-1995). Developed countries, such as Europe, America and Japan, have used the solidified and stabilized disposal technology (S / S process) as a commonly used restoration technology for the treatment of toxic and harmful solid wastes. At present, the remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soils in China are more solidified and stabilized, especially for heavy metal contaminated soils. In order to thoroughly solve the problem of soil pollution of the site left behind after the relocation of the enterprise, through the analysis and comparison of many schemes, the soil of electroplating contaminated site after the relocation of the enterprise was remedied by using solidification-stabilization technology. The results of soil monitoring after treatment can reach satisfactory results, which provides a reference method for soil remediation of contaminated sites in electroplating industry in the future, and has practical value for reference.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X53;X781.1

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