忻州市危险化学品安全监管问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 15:21

【摘要】：加强安全生产的监督管理是一个长远性、持续性的过程,任何时候经济的发展必然不能以违背安全使命为代价,这条红线意识我们必须认清并把握好。而当今危化品的使用范围扩大到我们生活的各个领域,从天津港8.12爆炸事件到瑞星化工泄漏事件,安全问题一次又一次给我们敲醒了警钟。本文正是基于这样的角度,通过文献研究法、调查研究法、统计分析法、系统分析法对忻州市危险化学品企业进行深入研究,提出目前安全监管中存在的问题并展开具体分析,最后提出解决问题的具体对策。忻州市危险化学品生产经营企业是在2000年以后逐步发展起来的,政府部门对其安全监管工作也是随着危化企业大规模的崛起而逐步开始的。本文从行业发展、从业人员、运行体制、应急管理四个方面总结了安全监管工作中存在的问题,即：安全生产主体责任不能有效落实；安全生产业务水平偏低；安全监管部门工作效率低；应急救援体系不完善。从四个方面进行具体的原因分析,首先是行业发展的环境因素：企业存在着效益风险大于安全风险的主观意识；安全生产的现实水平和人民的期望形成巨大的反差；企业违法成本低。其次,从业人员方面的因素：义务教育阶段的全民安全教育没有有效落实；从业人员后续安全培训教育基本上流于形式；缺乏对员工严格的约束行为。第三,安全监管体制因素：安全监管人员身兼数职并且年龄老化；安全监管工作需要大量的人力物力支持；有关安全生产法律滞后于行业的发展。第四,应急管理方面：动态的应急管理过程认识不够深入;救援联动机制不健全。文章最后通过构建安全监管分析模型提出了忻州市危险化学品安全监管改进路径及对策建议,第一要通过切实坚决贯彻执行以人为本的管理理念,加强企业以及安全生产过程的管理来健全危险化学品综合管理机制；第二要通过运用系统管理思路建设企业文化发展方向,完善安全文化体系,督促企业建立安全文化考核机制来建立本质安全型企业文化氛围；第三要通过注重监管队伍综合能力建设,聘请专家协助进行监管,构建三方协调机制,完善联合执法程序来建立危险化学品专业化监管队伍：第四要通过构建事前风险预防监管机制,建立应急救援预案以及电子信息网络平台,通过企业风险系统确定检查频率来完善基于风险的监管方法。
[Abstract]:It is a long and continuous process to strengthen the supervision and management of safe production. The economic development at any time must not be at the expense of violating the safety mission. We must recognize and grasp this red line consciousness. Nowadays, the use of dangerous chemicals has been extended to every field of our life, from the 8. 12 explosion in Tianjin Port to the chemical leakage of Ruixing, the safety problems have awakened us time and again. This article is based on this angle, through the literature research method, the investigation research method, the statistical analysis method, the system analysis method carries on the thorough research to the Xinzhou dangerous chemical enterprise, proposes the present safety supervision existing question and carries on the concrete analysis. Finally, the concrete countermeasures to solve the problem are put forward. The production and management enterprises of dangerous chemicals in Xinzhou have developed gradually since 2000, and the safety supervision work of government departments has started gradually with the rise of dangerous chemical enterprises on a large scale. This paper summarizes the existing problems in safety supervision from four aspects of industry development, employees, operation system and emergency management, namely: the responsibility of the main body of safety production can not be effectively carried out, the level of safety production business is on the low side; The work efficiency of safety supervision department is low; the emergency rescue system is not perfect. This paper analyzes the specific reasons from four aspects: firstly, the environmental factors of the development of the industry: the subjective consciousness that the benefit risk is greater than the safety risk, the realistic level of safety production and the expectation of the people form a huge contrast; The cost of illegal business is low. Secondly, the factors of employees: the compulsory education of national safety education has not been effectively implemented; the follow-up safety training education for employees is basically a mere formality; the lack of strict restraint to employees. Third, the system factors of safety supervision: the safety supervisor holds several posts and ages; the safety supervision needs a lot of manpower and material support; the safety production law lags behind the development of the industry. Fourth, emergency management: dynamic emergency management process understanding is not deep enough; rescue linkage mechanism is not perfect. Finally, by constructing the safety supervision analysis model, the paper puts forward the ways to improve the safety supervision of dangerous chemicals in Xinzhou City and the countermeasures and suggestions. First, we must carry out the people-oriented management concept. Strengthening the management of enterprises and safe production processes to improve the integrated management mechanism of hazardous chemicals; The second is to construct the development direction of enterprise culture, perfect the system of safety culture and urge enterprises to establish the culture atmosphere of intrinsically safe enterprise by using the thought of systematic management. Third, by paying attention to the comprehensive capacity-building of the supervisory team, hiring experts to assist in supervision and establishing a tripartite coordination mechanism, Improve joint law enforcement procedures to establish specialized hazardous chemicals regulatory teams: fourth, through the establishment of a pre-risk prevention regulatory mechanism, the establishment of emergency rescue plans and electronic information network platform, The inspection frequency is determined by the enterprise risk system to perfect the risk-based supervision method.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ086.52;F426.7

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