PVDF超滤膜抗污染性能及PVDF介孔膜合成应用研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 07:35

【摘要】：膜技术是在二十一世纪的一项新兴技术,已被广泛应用于许多领域,其中在水处理中的应用价值尤为明显。尽管膜分离技术作为一种快速、高效、实用的技术被应用于不同水质条件和不同需求的水污染处理过程中,但因其功能单一、易受污染,从而制约膜分离技术的更广泛应用和深入推广。因此,深入研究膜污染,开发具有多功能的新型膜分离技术已成为研制、开发、应用和推广膜工业的前沿发展方向。(1)通过选取三种材质超滤膜(PVDF、PES和PAN)对地表微污染水进行处理,研究处理效果并分析三种膜的膜污染发现,三种材质超滤膜(PVDF、PES和PAN)单纯处理地表微污染水时,处理效果不好,当投加PAC后,PAC-UF组合工艺对地表微污染水有良好的处理效果。实验结果发现,滤饼层阻力及膜孔内部阻力在膜污染阻力中占有重要地位；PVDF相比于PES和PAN有更好的抗污染性能。(2)通过选取三种不同孔径的PVDF超滤膜,同样处理地表微污染水,研究处理效果并分析三种不同孔径的PVDF超滤膜的膜污染发现,地表微污染水中颗粒大小不一,50nm为一个临界点；孔径越小,处理效果越好,通量下降的越慢。(3)分析膜污染的影响因素开发出新型分离膜,解决催化过程中催化剂流失及重复利用问题,将光催化技术和膜分离联用,研究光催化和膜分离联用的协同作用机理。采用膜孔填充的方式制备Ti02和Si02介孔膜,改变PVDF超滤膜膜孔径和膜亲疏水性。使用合成好的MSM/MTM结合UV照射净化敌敌畏、毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷三种有机磷农药,研究三种农药净化效果的同时,分析Ti02和Si02介孔膜的膜污染行为和抗污染性能,研究催化氧化和膜过滤协同作用的原理。实验结果表明,MTM填充了介孔Ti02提升了对农药的催化氧化性能并且介孔材料的填充对MTM的过滤分离性能没有影响。光化学反应和Ti02催化的协同作用将有机污染物矿化,提升了污染物的去除效果,减小了跨膜压差,同时减缓了膜污染。这些优势有助于MTM在水处理中的应用。
[Abstract]:Membrane technology is a new technology in 21 century, which has been widely used in many fields, especially in water treatment. Although membrane separation technology has been applied to water pollution treatment under different water quality conditions and requirements as a fast, efficient and practical technology, it is easy to be polluted because of its single function. Therefore, the application and popularization of membrane separation technology are restricted. Therefore, the research of membrane fouling and the development of new membrane separation technology with multi-function have become the frontier development direction of research, development, application and popularization of membrane industry. (1) by selecting three kinds of material ultrafiltration membrane (PVDF,) PES and PAN were used to treat the surface micro-polluted water. The results of study and analysis of membrane fouling of three kinds of membrane showed that the treatment effect of three kinds of ultrafiltration membrane (PVDF,PES and PAN) was not good when the surface micro-polluted water was treated simply, and when PAC was added, The combined process of PAC-UF has good treatment effect on surface micro-polluted water. The results show that the filter cake layer resistance and membrane hole internal resistance play an important role in membrane fouling resistance. Compared with PES and PAN, PVDF has better anti-fouling performance. (2) by selecting three kinds of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with different pore sizes, the surface micro-polluted water is also treated, the treatment effect is studied and the membrane fouling of three kinds of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with different pore sizes is analyzed. The particle size of surface micro-polluted water is different, and 50nm is a critical point. The smaller the pore size, the better the treatment effect and the slower the flux decrease. (3) A new separation membrane is developed by analyzing the influencing factors of membrane fouling, which solves the problem of catalyst loss and reuse in the catalytic process, and combines photocatalytic technology with membrane separation. The synergistic mechanism of photocatalysis and membrane separation was studied. Ti02 and Si02 mesoporous membranes were prepared by filling the membrane pore to change the pore size and hydrophobicity of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane. Three organophosphorus pesticides, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos and acephate, were purified by using synthetic MSM/MTM combined with UV irradiation. The membrane fouling behavior and antifouling properties of Ti02 and Si02 mesoporous membranes were analyzed while the purifying effects of the three pesticides were studied. The principle of synergistic effect of catalytic oxidation and membrane filtration was studied. The experimental results show that the mesoporous Ti02 filled with MTM improves the catalytic oxidation of pesticides and the mesoporous material has no effect on the filtration and separation performance of MTM. The synergistic effect of photochemical reaction and Ti02 can mineralize the organic pollutants, improve the removal efficiency of pollutants, reduce the pressure difference across the membrane, and reduce the membrane fouling at the same time. These advantages contribute to the application of MTM in water treatment.
【学位授予单位】：上海应用技术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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