葵花盘及柚子皮基多孔碳制备及在超级电容器中的应用

发布时间：2019-01-26 14:35

【摘要】：随着全球工业化进程脚步的加快,大量化石资源的消耗,人类赖以生存的能源面临枯竭。如何寻找新的碳源,将成为解决人类生存、保护人类社会可持续发展的迫切任务。超级电容器,也叫做电化学电容器,是一种新兴的能源储存装置,具有功率密度高、循环寿命长、快速充放电等优点,近年来获得广泛关注。可再生性的废弃生物质以其成本低廉、原料丰富、绿色可循环等优点成为制备超级电容器电极材料的优先选择。本论文以两种废弃生物质——葵花盘和柚子皮为前驱体,通过不同的合成方法制备出多种碳材料,并对其性能进行了研究,为科学高效综合利用废弃生物质提供了基础。主要内容如下:以生物质中的葵花盘为原料,使用KOH作为活化法制备葵花盘基活性炭。讨论了分别采用研磨法和浸渍法,以及不同活化剂比例对其性能的影响。制备出比表面积1031 m2·g-1、总孔容2.34 cm3·g-1的活性炭。表征测试分析显示该样品具有大量的微孔和少量的中孔结构。通过电化学测试,在以6 mol·L-1的KOH溶液为电解液,在1 A·g-1电流密度下,葵花盘基活性炭电极材料比容量可达345F·g-1。分别以葵花盘和柚子皮作为碳源,使用TEOS和CTAB为模板剂制备多孔碳材料。氮气保护下高温焙烧后,经氢氟酸清洗去除模板剂。通过表征测试分析和电化学测试分析,当采用柚子皮为碳源,模板剂CTAB/TEOS=0.4时,制备的碳材料石墨化程度更高,电化学性能更好,内电阻最小,比电容为290 F·g-1。而采用葵花盘为碳源时,电化学性能稍差。这就为我们下一步选择碳材料前驱体奠定了基础。以柚子皮作为碳前躯体,采用乙酸镁热解产生的MgO作为模板剂,KOH活化法进行活化制备多级孔碳材料。采用各种电化学测试手段分析了KOH活性剂比例以及焙烧温度对多级孔碳材料电化学性能的影响,同时联合氮气吸附脱附测试、透射电镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试技术,探索了孔结构和电容的关系。其中最佳多级孔碳具有最大的质量比电容,达到353 F·g-1(1 A·g-1)。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global industrialization and the consumption of a large number of fossil resources, the energy sources on which human beings depend for survival are faced with exhaustion. How to find new carbon sources will become an urgent task to solve human survival and protect the sustainable development of human society. Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are a new energy storage device, which has many advantages such as high power density, long cycle life, rapid charge and discharge and so on. Renewable waste biomass has become the preferred material for the preparation of electrode materials for supercapacitors because of its low cost, abundant raw materials and green recycling. In this paper, two kinds of waste biomass, sunflower disk and pomelo peel, were used as precursors to prepare various carbon materials through different synthetic methods, and their properties were studied, which provided the basis for scientific and efficient utilization of waste biomass. The main contents are as follows: using sunflower disk in biomass as raw material, KOH was used as activation method to prepare sunflower disk based activated carbon. The effects of grinding method and impregnation method, as well as the ratio of activator on their properties were discussed. Activated carbon with a specific surface area of 1031 m ~ 2 g ~ (-1) and a total pore volume of 2.34 cm3 g ~ (-1) was prepared. Characterization analysis showed that the sample had a large number of micropores and a small number of mesoporous structures. With 6 mol L-1 KOH solution as electrolyte and 1 A g ~ (-1) current density, the specific capacity of sunflower disk based activated carbon electrode can reach 345F g ~ (-1). Porous carbon materials were prepared from sunflower disc and grapefruit peel using TEOS and CTAB as templates. After high temperature roasting under the protection of nitrogen, the template was removed by hydrofluoric acid cleaning. By means of characterization and electrochemical analysis, when grapefruit peel was used as carbon source and template agent CTAB/TEOS=0.4 was used, the graphitization degree, electrochemical performance and internal resistance of the prepared carbon materials were higher, and the specific capacitance was 290F g-1. When sunflower disk was used as carbon source, the electrochemical performance was slightly worse. This will lay the foundation for our next choice of carbon precursor. The grapefruit peel was used as carbon precursor, MgO produced by magnesium acetate pyrolysis was used as template, and KOH activation method was used to prepare multiporous carbon materials. The effects of the ratio of KOH active agents and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of multilevel porous carbon materials were analyzed by various electrochemical testing methods. At the same time, nitrogen adsorption desorption test, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and other testing techniques were used. The relationship between pore structure and capacitance is explored. Among them, the best multilevel porous carbon has the largest mass specific capacitance, reaching 353 F g -1 (1 A g -1).
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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