利用废弃资源制备多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的研究

发布时间：2019-06-24 12:13

【摘要】：多孔陶瓷膜因具有耐高温、除尘效率高、机械强度高、耐腐蚀、易清洗等优点,成为高温除尘领域最具发展前景的技术之一。支撑体是多孔陶瓷膜制备和应用的基础,目前仍存在制备成本高、材质单一等不足。本文使用粉煤灰和煤矸石制备支撑体,以降低其原料成本,并研究低温烧结,以降低工艺成本。期望制备出能为多孔陶瓷膜提供较大气通量和较高机械强度的管状支撑体(开孔率≥30%,抗压强度≥3.5 MPa),从而为多孔陶瓷膜在高温除尘领域的应用奠定基础。同时实现粉煤灰和煤矸石的高附加值和大掺量利用。本文分别以粉煤灰和煤矸石为原料、甲基纤维素为粘结剂、碳粉为造孔剂,采用挤压成型法制备管状支撑体,并利用XRF、TG-DSC、SEM、XRD等技术对原料和支撑体进行表征。具体研究工作如下:(1)采用先干燥后脱模的工艺制备粉煤灰基支撑体。得出99%的粉煤灰和1%的粘结剂配料,在烧结温度为1000℃、保温2 h的条件下,制备出的支撑体性能最好(开孔率为44.95%,抗压强度为8.92 MPa,空气渗透速率为25.69m3·h~(-1)·m~(-2)·kPa~(-1),径向收缩率为2.04%)。(2)采用梯度干燥法制备煤矸石基支撑体。得出97%的经800℃预烧过的煤矸石和3%的粘结剂配料,在烧结温度为1100℃、保温1 h的条件下,制备出的支撑体性能最好(开孔率为49.88%,抗压强度为4.95 MPa,空气渗透速率为20.23 m3·h~(-1)·m~(-2)·kPa~(-1),径向收缩率为2.33%);并研究了煤矸石的预烧温度、Al2O3的添加量对支撑体性能的影响,表明当预烧温度≥400℃时,能有效避免生坯的开裂和变形,添加氧化铝能扩大支撑体的烧结温度范围,在相同的烧结温度下,氧化铝的添加不利于烧结致密化。通过本文的研究,为多孔陶瓷膜的制备和在高温除尘领域的应用奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Porous ceramic film has become one of the most promising technologies in the field of high temperature dust removal because of its advantages of high temperature resistance, high dust removal efficiency, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, easy cleaning and so on. Support is the basis of preparation and application of porous ceramic membrane. At present, there are still some shortcomings, such as high preparation cost, single material and so on. In this paper, fly ash and coal gangue are used to prepare support to reduce the raw material cost, and low temperature sintering is studied to reduce the process cost. It is expected that tubular supports (porosity 鈮，

本文编号：2505054