酶的固定及其在电化学传感器中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-17 06:16

本文选题：三维石墨烯　切入点：多孔石墨烯　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电化学生物传感器作为一种快速高效的检测手段在小型化方面具有独特的优势。用电化学传感器检测一些常用的健康指标将给不论是日常生活还是医疗诊断都具有十分积极的意义。酶因为其优异的选择性和高效的催化过程而被用作电化学传感器的制作。但是酶需要一种拥有优良导电性、较强负载能力和电化学催化性能的材料作为基底材料。石墨烯作为一种新型的二维纳米材料,其优异的电学和化学性质在电化学传感器中有广泛的用途。但是石墨烯本身易团聚的特性降低了表面积和催化性能,限制了其在酶电极材料中的应用。本文的第一部分通过低温常压微波的方法,在石墨烯片层间嵌入聚吡咯(PPy)形成三维结构的PPy/石墨烯复合物。得到的产物具有良好的电化学催化活性和较大的表面,在非酶多巴胺传感中得到了不错的性能。在往电极上修饰酶后,制得的酶电极对葡萄糖有良好的响应并获得了较好的灵敏度。本文第二部分介绍了在三维石墨烯的基础上用氧化铁刻蚀石墨烯片层得到分级的多孔结构。获得的多孔石墨烯由于孔结构和边缘位点的存在获得了优异的催化活性和对物质良好的扩散能力,用其修饰的电极对多巴胺具有较好的响应。修饰酶之后制得的电极对葡萄糖的响应较为出色,可用作性能良好的葡萄糖酶传感器。
[Abstract]:Electrochemical biosensor as a rapid and efficient detection method has unique advantages in miniaturization. The detection of some commonly used health indicators by electrochemical sensors will be useful for both daily life and medical diagnosis. It's very positive. Enzymes are used as electrochemical sensors because of their excellent selectivity and high efficiency in catalytic processes. Graphene is a new kind of two-dimensional nanomaterials. Its excellent electrical and chemical properties have a wide range of applications in electrochemical sensors, but the agglomeration of graphene itself reduces the surface area and catalytic performance. In the first part of this paper, the method of microwave at low temperature and atmospheric pressure is used. The PPy/ graphene complex with three dimensional structure was formed by intercalating polypyrrole pyrrolidine into the graphene lamellar. The obtained product has good electrochemical catalytic activity and larger surface. Good performance in non-enzymatic dopamine sensing. After modifying the enzyme at the electrode, The enzyme electrode has good response to glucose and good sensitivity. In the second part of this paper, the graded porous structure is obtained by etching graphene layer with iron oxide on the basis of three-dimensional graphene. Because of the existence of pore structure and edge sites, porous graphene has excellent catalytic activity and good diffusion ability to substances. The modified electrode has a better response to dopamine, and the modified electrode has a better response to glucose, which can be used as a glucose enzyme sensor with good performance.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q814.2;O657.1

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