功能纳米复合材料的设计制备及吸附性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 08:41

本文选题：水污染 + 复合材料　；参考：《燕山大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,水体污染问题层出不穷,废水的净化已经成为目前亟待解决的问题。纳米纤维材料,由于具有较大的比表面积以及在形成纳米纤维膜时会有很多微孔结构,表现出很强的吸附能力,从而受到人们越来越多的关注。本文设计合成了多种纳米复合材料,分别为树脂复合材料、核壳纳米复合材料和纳米纤维材料,并重点研究了这些纳米复合材料对废水吸附性能。首先,将壳聚糖固载到大孔阳离子交换树脂上,成功制备出一种新型的纳米功能吸附剂,然后研究这种新型材料对水中铜离子的吸附性能。实验结果表明,该复合吸附材料在水体中存在高浓度竞争离子的条件下,对铜离子表现出优良的吸附选择性。该吸附剂在中性环境下对铜离子的吸附效果最佳,而且,吸附饱和的纳米复合吸附材料可在HCl-NaCl混合溶液中高效再生重复利用。其次,通过简单的水热合成法制备了两种核-壳结构的纳米复合材料,SEM图显示获得的球形或海胆形复合材料具有较多的薄纳米片组成的松散孔结构,其在染料吸附中表现出很好的吸附性能,对亚甲基蓝的吸附量最高,达到29 mg/g。而且磁性Fe_3O_4@MnO_2纳米复合材料易回收、可重复,能够用于水净化的长期使用。最后,采用静电纺丝技术制备PVA/PAA/GO-COOH三元复合纤维材料,并对复合纤维材料的形貌及组分进行了表征。热处理后的纤维膜由水溶性转变为非水溶,且没有形貌上的变化。然后浸泡在多巴胺溶液中使聚多巴胺涂覆在纤维膜的表面,成功制备PVA/PAA/GO-COOH/PDA四元复合材料,其SEM图可以清晰地看到聚多巴胺颗粒均匀的分布在纤维的表面,并进行有机染料MB、RhB和CR的吸附实验,实验表明,制备的四元复合纤维材料对亚甲基蓝有良好的吸附性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water pollution problems emerge one after another, the purification of wastewater has become a problem to be solved. Nanofiber materials have attracted more and more attention because of their large specific surface area and many microporous structures in the formation of nanofiber membranes. In this paper, several kinds of nanocomposites, including resin composites, core-shell nanocomposites and nanofiber materials, were designed and synthesized, and the adsorption properties of these nanocomposites to wastewater were studied. Firstly, chitosan was immobilized on the macroporous cation exchange resin to prepare a novel nano-functional adsorbent, and then the adsorption properties of the new material for copper ions in water were studied. The experimental results show that the composite material exhibits excellent adsorption selectivity to copper ions under the condition of high concentration of competitive ions in water. The adsorbent has the best adsorption effect on copper ions in neutral environment, and the adsorbed saturated nano-composite adsorption material can be regenerated and reused efficiently in HCl-NaCl mixed solution. Secondly, two kinds of core-shell nanocomposites were prepared by simple hydrothermal synthesis method. The SEM results show that the spherical or sea urchin composites have a large number of loose pore structures composed of thin nanocrystals. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue was the highest, up to 29 mg / g. Magnetic Fe_3O_4@MnO_2 nanocomposites are easy to be recycled, repeatable and can be used for long-term water purification. Finally, PVA/PAA/GO-COOH composite fiber materials were prepared by electrostatic spinning technique, and the morphology and composition of the composite fiber materials were characterized. After heat treatment, the film changed from water-soluble to non-water-soluble, and there was no change in morphology. Then soaked in the dopamine solution, the polydopamine was coated on the surface of the fiber membrane, and the PVA/PAA/GO-COOH/PDA quaternary composite was successfully prepared. The SEM diagram showed that the polydopamine particles distributed uniformly on the surface of the fiber. The adsorption experiments of organic dyes MBG RhB and CR show that the quaternary composite fiber materials have good adsorption performance for methylene blue.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB33;O647.3

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