碳基非贵金属氧还原催化剂活性位点的研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-01 15:33

本文选题：过渡金属-氮掺杂碳材料 + 杂原子掺杂碳材料　；参考：《中国科学:化学》2017年05期

【摘要】：铂基催化剂是目前氢氧燃料电池中实际应用的阴极氧还原催化剂,由于铂昂贵的价格以及稀缺性,开发非贵金属氧还原催化剂对于氢氧燃料电池的规模化应用非常必要.碳基非贵金属氧还原催化剂,包括金属-氮掺杂碳(M N C)材料和非金属杂原子掺杂碳材料,是目前最重要也是研究最广泛的两类非贵金属氧还原催化剂.对其活性位点的认知是研究热点之一,也是明显提高性能和宏量制备的关键所在.对于金属-氮掺杂碳催化剂,目前受到广泛认可的活性位点包括:M N_x/C(x=1,2,3,4)、Nx C、包覆的纳米金属粒子活化的碳层等.对于非金属杂原子掺杂碳材料(如氮掺杂碳材料),氮原子毗邻的碳原子一般被认为是活性位点.但由于原料本身、制备过程等因素,可能引入痕量的金属元素,严格意义上的非金属杂原子掺杂碳材料难以制备,使得明确其活性位点非常困难.结合本研究组在该领域的工作,本文介绍了当前上述两类催化剂在研究方面的进展,总结分析了几种对活性位点探索和确认的主流认识,以期有助于碳基非贵金属氧还原催化剂的进一步研究.
[Abstract]:Platinum-based catalyst is one of the practical cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts in hydrogen oxygen fuel cells. Because of the high price and scarcity of platinum, it is necessary to develop non-noble metal oxygen reduction catalysts for the large-scale application of hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells. Carbon-based non-noble metal oxygen reduction catalysts, including metal-nitrogen-doped carbon monoxide and nonmetallic heteroatom doped carbon materials, are the two most important and widely studied non-noble metal oxygen reduction catalysts at present. The recognition of its active sites is one of the hot topics, and also the key to improve its performance and macro preparation. For metal-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts, the widely recognized active sites at present include: 1 / N ~ (x / C) / C ~ (2 +) N ~ (x) C, C ~ (2 +), carbon layer activated by coated nanometallic particles, and so on. Carbon atoms adjacent to nitrogen atoms are generally considered to be active sites for nonmetallic hetero-doped carbon materials (such as nitrogen doped carbon materials). However, due to the factors such as raw material itself, preparation process and so on, trace metal elements may be introduced, and it is difficult to prepare non-metallic hetero-atom doped carbon materials in strict sense, which makes it very difficult to identify their active sites. Combined with the work of our team in this field, this paper introduces the research progress of the two kinds of catalysts mentioned above, and summarizes and analyzes several main ideas on the exploration and confirmation of active sites. It is expected to be helpful to the further study of carbon-based non-noble metal oxygen reduction catalysts.
【作者单位】：中国科学院长春应用化学研究所先进化学电源实验室;中国科学技术大学;中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(编号:21373199,21433003) 中国科学院先导专项(编号:XDA09030104) 吉林省科技发展计划(编号:20150101066JC) 吉林省先进低碳化学电源重点实验室(编号:20160622037JC)资助项目
【分类号】：O643.361

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