Bottom-up法制备杂原子掺杂的碳纳米材料及其在氧还原反应中的作用

发布时间：2018-05-05 03:37

  本文选题：燃料电池 + 氧气还原反应　； 参考：《长春理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来由于人类对化石燃料的过度使用,不可再生资源如煤、石油、天然气等能源将被消耗殆尽。目前,持续增长的全球能源需求与化石燃料燃烧造成的环境污染问题增强了人们的环境保护意识,世界各地均将视野聚焦在如何解决能源安全与环境可持续发展的问题上。在过去的二十年中,人们在发展创新能源技术领域做出了大量的尝试。燃料电池作为一种最具潜力的新型能源装置,其具有环保、转化效率较高等优点而备受亲睐。阴极氧气还原反应(ORR)作为电化学电池的主要反应,是决定电池燃料利用率的关键。目前阴极催化剂主要为铂催化剂,缺点是价格昂贵和稳定性差。因此,急需制备出一种成本低、催化性能优异的催化剂来替代铂基催化剂。采用一步高温热解法,制备了N/S掺杂碳纳米材料N-S-C,XRD、SEM、TEM和XPS等测试证明了N和S成功掺杂到碳结构中。并用LSV、CV、RRDE和i-t等电化学测试表明了900℃高温热解得到的催化剂N-S-C 900在酸性和碱性电解液中均表现出较好的氧还原催化活性。结果证实,相比S-C 900,少量氮原子掺杂的碳材料NS-C 900具有较优异的催化活性,同时,N-S-C 900具有很好的稳定性和抗甲醇性能;采用溶剂热法合成碳前驱体聚二乙烯基苯(PDVB),然后与尿素进行吸附共混,高温热解制备了氮掺杂的碳纳米材料C-PDVB-N。并利用CV、LSV、RRDE和i-t等测试证明了氮掺杂碳纳米材料在碱性溶液中表现出了较高的氧还原催化活性、良好的稳定性以及抗甲醇性能。
[Abstract]:For a long time, non-renewable resources such as coal, oil and natural gas will be exhausted due to the excessive use of fossil fuels. At present, the increasing global energy demand and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion have strengthened people's awareness of environmental protection. All over the world, attention is focused on how to solve the problem of energy security and environmental sustainable development. In the past two decades, people have made a lot of attempts in the field of developing innovative energy technology. Fuel cell, as a new type of energy device with the most potential, has the advantages of environmental protection and high conversion efficiency. The cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as the main reaction of the electrochemical cell, is the key to determine the fuel utilization rate of the cell. At present, the cathode catalyst is mainly platinum catalyst, but its disadvantages are high price and poor stability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prepare a low-cost catalyst with excellent catalytic performance to replace platinum-based catalysts. The N / S doped carbon nanomaterials N-S-CX RDX Sem TEM and XPS were prepared by one step high temperature pyrolysis. The results show that N and S have been successfully doped into the carbon structure. The results of RRDE and i-t measurements showed that the catalyst N-S-C 900 obtained by pyrolysis at 900 鈩，

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